ec2 user data script not running

The cloud-init directives creates a file (/test-cloudinit/cloud-init.txt), Staging Ground Beta 1 Recap, and Reviewers needed for Beta 2, Create an AMI with EC2 Launch V2 and make userdata run again after reboot. EC2 is not just one service. identify the commands as cloud-init directives. And relaunch. Additionally, you will also needscloudformation:*as well to be able to do CloudFormation stack creation, updation etc. The cloud-init user directives can be passed to an instance at launch the same way that a and the files contained within it. Open the Amazon EC2 console. However, in some cases, it may be necessary to run these scripts as a non-root user, for security or other reasons. Open a PowerShell command window and run the following command: C:\ProgramData\Amazon\EC2-Windows\Launch\Scripts\InitializeInstance.ps1 -Schedule Disconnect from your Windows instance. Be sure to use the If the instance is For information about running commands on your Windows instance at launch, see Run commands on your Windows instance at launch user data is not running at launch aws ec2 Ask Question Asked 4 years ago Modified 4 years ago Viewed 4k times Part of AWS Collective 1 I am trying to launch an ec2 linux instance (linux 2 ami) and while doing that in the user data, I am trying to get node js installed, and at the same time install git. Stack Exchange network consists of 181 Q&A communities including Stack Overflow, the largest, most trusted online community for developers to learn, share their knowledge, and build their careers. How can I do that? In each example, the base64 command to decode it. The User data field is located in Continue to add echo before each command and confirm how far it's running, This was a lifesaver for me - thanks. Thank you. There is a public IPv4 address, this is what were going to use to access our EC2 instance. I am trying to check everywhere, in the cloudlog init file to find some error why my user data is not working. Now you are ready to create your custom AMI and remember to tick the NoReboot option! to specify the user data. If you have Mac or Linux or Windows 10 then you can use the .pem format. Paste the content of the user data script in a file named ec2-user-data.sh. Connect and share knowledge within a single location that is structured and easy to search. In this post, we will learn to do it using CloudFormation. Do new devs get fired if they can't solve a certain bug? A place where magic is studied and practiced? Amazon Linux instances, see cloud-init. So, that EC2 User data script is only run once and when it first starts, and then will never be run again. A limit involving the quotient of two sums, "We, who've been connected by blood to Prussia's throne and people since Dppel". Site design / logo 2023 Stack Exchange Inc; user contributions licensed under CC BY-SA. When you create a key pair it will be downloaded automatically to your pc. These data/command executes after your EC2 instance starts. Does a summoned creature play immediately after being summoned by a ready action? Which means user-data / cloud-init script won't do what you want anyway. and where will it store? Most of the entries in the NAME column of the output from lsof +D /tmp do not begin with /tmp. If you wanted to compare the instance types click on Compare Instance types it shows you all the types of instances as well as how much memory they have and so on. EC2: can I provide default startup scripts to erase sensitive data in my AMI? #cloud-config line at the top is required in order to If you find any issue, please fee free to reach me in comment section. I have added below line in /etc/rc.local to make it happen. To specify user data when you launch your instance, use the run-instances 5. For more information, see Using instance profiles in the IAM User Guide. sudo cloud-init modules -m final. You can specify below user data to achieve that. Be sure to delete the user data scripts from For more So the EC2 User Data has a very specific purpose. The command would understandably fail if you attempt to create a file in a non-existent directory, but your "Update" example seems to show that it did actually work. Is there a proper earth ground point in this switch box? Required fields are marked *. Use the --attribute and --value parameters to use the encoded text file For additional debugging information, you can Using cloud-config syntax, the user can specify certain things in a human-friendly format. By default, it is enabled to yes, which means that once we terminate our EC2 instance, then this volume is also going to be deleted. For windows, it can be done by checking a box in Ec2 Services Properties. Edit: I should also add that in the user data the machine cd's into the directory where the python file is and runs the command to execute it. Next, we need to choose an instance type. At least that's how it is in Linux, I guess on Windows it would be similar. I checked /var/lib/cloud/instance/user-data.txt, the file is exist and same as my user-data script. examine the cloud-init output log file (/var/log/cloud-init-output.log), Note: If Stop is not activated, either the instance is already stopped, or its root device is an instance store volume. The below script worked perfectly for me after the ubuntu ec2 instance was launched. But please revise your permission based on uses to follow principal of least priviledge. is not the right way to install npm. scripts after the instance starts. It actually corresponds to the private IPv4 address. sudo rm -rf /var/lib/cloud/* "UNPROTECTED PRIVATE KEY FILE!" An EC2 instance may be launched with a choice of two types of storage for its boot disk or "root device." The first option is a local "instance-store" disk as a root device (originally the only choice). For linux, I suppose the mechanism is the same, and user_data needs to be re-activated on your custom image. UPDATE: I removed the sudo su and added an echo command for debugging. Redoing the align environment with a specific formatting, The difference between the phonemes /p/ and /b/ in Japanese. create will be owned by the root user; if you need a non-root user to have file access, (END CERTIFICATE) lines. The appropriate ownership and file permissions are set for the web directory By default, EC2 User Data scripts are executed as the root user when an EC2 instance is launched. Site design / logo 2023 Stack Exchange Inc; user contributions licensed under CC BY-SA. updating the code below. Use exact command. You can useYAMLorJSONfor your template. (/test-userscript/userscript.txt) and writes Created by bash shell script The examples in this topic assume the following: Your instance has a public DNS name that is reachable from the internet. file to include both a shell script and cloud-init directives in your user data. So, if you want your new AMI to execute user-data again, just create the flag again before create the image: The only way I get it to work was to add the #cloud-boothook before the #!/bin/bash, This is a typical user data script that installs Apache web server on a newly created instance. In the example below, the directives create and configure a web server on Amazon Linux 2. ncdu: What's going on with this second size column? Select the instance and choose Instance state, How to get an AWS EC2 instance ID from within that EC2 instance? You should see the PHP information page. If you preorder a special airline meal (e.g. command line tools), or as base64-encoded text (for API calls). Adding these tasks at boot time adds to the amount of time it takes to boot an So it depends on the web browsers you have and so on, okay, but the reason sometimes it doesnt work is that in the URL, you need to make sure that youre using the HTTP protocol. Dear reader, In this post, I will help you execute EC2 user data scripts using CloudFormation. Why don't you echo out some progress information in your userdata script, step by step, and then check the console output afterwards? Step 7. I have an EC2 instance which I bootstrapped with some user data that runs some updates and installs some other software on startup. 2. For example, the following user data includes cloud-init directives and a bash shell script. Copyright 2020 CloudKatha - All Rights Reserved, Click to share on Twitter (Opens in new window), Click to share on Facebook (Opens in new window), Click to share on LinkedIn (Opens in new window), Click to share on Telegram (Opens in new window), Click to share on WhatsApp (Opens in new window), How to Execute EC2 User Data Script using CloudFormation. @c24w Those timestamps are misleading. rev2023.3.3.43278. About an argument in Famine, Affluence and Morality. the Advanced details section of the launch instance Otherwise, the script will exist in this Is it possible to create a concave light? Not sure which, but I was having no luck getting anything to work. Where does this (supposedly) Gibson quote come from? For more information, see How can I utilize user data to automatically run a script with every restart of my Amazon EC2 Linux instance? The log files for EC2Launch v2, EC2Launch, and EC2Config contain the output from the standard output and standard error streams. I would be more than happy to reply to your comment. You should allow a few information, see Create a security group. >> /tmp/testfile.txt with the shell script that you want to run during the instance boot. its user data. Step 1: The attacker gained initial access by exploiting a public-facing service in a self-managed Kubernetes cluster hosted inside an AWS cloud account. We can see our EC2 instance is running but if we dont need it, we can go to the instance state and then click on stop instance. User data is limited to 16 KB, in raw form, before it is Base64-encoded. In this post, we learnt to execute EC2 user data script using CloudFormation. By default, you can include only one content type in user data at a time. For more information about Step 2: Once the attacker gained access to the pod, the malware was able to perform two initial actions during execution : Launch a cryptominer in order to make money or provide a distraction. You also need to allow the same on outbound NACL's rules and ephemeral ports on inbound rules. on Amazon EC2 with AWS CloudFormation, Run commands on your Windows instance at launch, Install a LAMP Web Server on Amazon Linux 2, User data and the Tools for Windows PowerShell. Run EC2 user-data script as non-root user Ask Question Asked 10 years, 9 months ago Modified 3 years, 9 months ago Viewed 12k times 8 I'm able to run a user-data script successfully, but it runs as root. https://console.aws.amazon.com/ec2/. Especially if you are managing large scale enterprise accounts that have 100's of EC2 instances. rev2023.3.3.43278. Next, we need to configure the storage for this instance lets have an eight-gigabyte gp2 root volume because, in the free tier, we can get up to 30 gigabytes of EBS General Purpose SSD storage. In this article, we will discuss how to run EC2 User Data scripts as a non-root user. expecting them to, or if you just want to verify that your directives Also I checked the log in /var/log/cloud-init.log, there is no error message. To update the instance user data, you must first stop the instance. The typical answer is to use EC2 User Data, but this doesn't seem to work for me. Everything else in the script runs correctly because when I manually connect to the instance all of the scripts and software are where they should be. To delete the existing user data, use the modify-instance-attribute If you need more information, I'm glad to provide, please let me know what happened in my own AMI and how to fix it? We also get some information about hostname, private DNS, Instance type, AMI details, and Key pair. You can update your configuration to ensure that your user data scripts and cloud-init directives run every time you restart your instance. Thanks for letting us know this page needs work. echo Run yum update -y. "UNPROTECTED PRIVATE KEY FILE!" Is it possible to rotate a window 90 degrees if it has the same length and width? scripts following a launch if the instance does not behave the way you intended. Leave the settings to default Our instances are going to get a public IP and then there is going to be a security group attached to our instance (which is going to control the traffic from and to our instance ) and therefore we can add rules. In the example script below, the script creates and configures our web server. following tasks are performed by the user data: The distribution software packages are updated. These instructions are intended for If you use an AWS API, including the AWS CLI, in a user data script, you must use an Choose Actions, Instance State, Stop. for cloud-init, see their specific documentation. distributions. The size of a string of length n after base64-encoding is ceil ( n /3)*4. without the #cloud-boothook it does not work, but with it, it works. User data is when we pass a script with some commands to our EC2 instance. For a great introduction on shell scripting, see EC2 - Instance user data fail - [WARNING]: Failed to run module scripts-user. way to send instructions to an instance at launch. All rights reserved. Did any DOS compatibility layers exist for any UNIX-like systems before DOS started to become outmoded? . So our web server is saying hello world from an IP address here, which is not the public IP. Find centralized, trusted content and collaborate around the technologies you use most. minutes of extra time for the tasks to complete before you test that the user script AWS support for Internet Explorer ends on 07/31/2022. Managing EC2 as an AWS Administrator can be a very hectic job. Why are trials on "Law & Order" in the New York Supreme Court? How can I troubleshoot these issues? sudo cloud-init init If you click on it, copy, and then paste it, you press enter, its going to work. Or, I want to view the user data logs but don't know where they are. Launch the EC2 Instance in AWS with New Instance Wizard, Create a Windows EC2 Instance and Connect Using RDP, Amazon Web Services - Denying Access using IAM policy for EC2 and EBS Instance, Amazon Web Services - Replacing Unhealthy EC2 Instance in Elastic Beanstalk Environment, Amazon VPC - Launching an EC2 Instance into a VPC. I have noticed that UserData scripts are not being executed. Launching webpage created via User Data Script. running, you can view the user data but you cannot modify it. Open the Amazon EC2 console, and then select your instance. Is lock-free synchronization always superior to synchronization using locks? Steps to create EC2 User data Specify user data while launching EC2 Instance Allow traffic on port 80 and 443 on Security Group Verify User data Execution/Apache Installation Let's do all these steps one by one. EC2 User Data Script: It is a bootstrap script to configure the instance at the first launch. Do I need a thermal expansion tank if I already have a pressure tank? Why do small African island nations perform better than African continental nations, considering democracy and human development? Where is it? >> /tmp/testfile.txt. The nature of simulating nature: A Q&A with IBM Quantum researcher Dr. Jamie We've added a "Necessary cookies only" option to the cookie consent popup. As I tested, there were some bootstrap data in /var/lib/cloud directory. 2023, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its affiliates. The ec2-user is added to the apache group. This is a major lifesaver for trouble shooting user data issues. I've seen it downvoted many times on SO, In addition to @Mike Conigliaro response, in order to delete only the running one semaphore: rm /var/lib/cloud/instances/$(curl -s. @MikeConigliaro I wanted to use user-data to make something run on every boot, so I made the user-data script append it to /etc/rc.local. Find centralized, trusted content and collaborate around the technologies you use most. archive that includes a cloud-init data section with the Notify me of follow-up comments by email. When launching an EC2 Windows instance, you can pass user data to the instance that can be used to perform automated configuration tasks. User data shell scripts must start with the #! Visit Stack Exchange Tour Start here for quick overview the site Help Center Detailed answers. Supported browsers are Chrome, Firefox, Edge, and Safari. Server Fault is a question and answer site for system and network administrators. And in programming, when you do something for the first time, you usually say hello world. To troubleshoot issues on your EC2 instance bootstrap without having to access the instance through SSH, you can add code to your user-data bash script that redirects all the output both to the /var/log/user-data.log and to /dev/console.When the code is run, you can see your user-data invocation logs in your console. assign to the IAM role depend on which services you are calling with the API. {AWSTemplateFormatVersion: 2010-09-09,Description: Template to Create an EC2 instance in a VPC,Parameters: {VpcId: {Type: String,Description: VPC id,Default: vpc-58c9a833},ImageId: {Type: String,Description: windows machine,Default: ami-0c4a11a8d0e503812},InstanceType: {Type: String,Description: Choosing t2 micro because it is free,Default: t2.micro},KeyName: {Description: SSH Keypair to login to the instance,Type: AWS::EC2::KeyPair::KeyName}},Resources: {DemoInstance: {Type: AWS::EC2::Instance,Properties: {ImageId: {Ref: ImageId},InstanceType: {Ref: InstanceType},KeyName: {Ref: KeyName},SecurityGroupIds: [{Ref: DemoSecurityGroup}],UserData: {Fn::Base64: {Fn::Sub: if ( Get-Service AWSXRayDaemon -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue ) {sc.exe stop AWSXRayDaemonsc.exe delete AWSXRayDaemon}, $targetLocation = C:\Program Files\Amazon\XRayif ((Test-Path $targetLocation) -eq 0) {mkdir $targetLocation}, $zipFileName = aws-xray-daemon-windows-service-3.x.zip$zipPath = $targetLocation\$zipFileName$destPath = $targetLocation\aws-xray-daemonif ((Test-Path $destPath) -eq 1) {Remove-Item -Recurse -Force $destPath}, $daemonPath = $destPath\xray.exe$daemonLogPath = $targetLocation\xray-daemon.log$url = https://s3.dualstack.us-west-2.amazonaws.com/aws-xray-assets.us-west-2/xray-daemon/aws-xray-daemon-windows-service-3.x.zip, Invoke-WebRequest -Uri $url -OutFile $zipPathAdd-Type -Assembly System.IO.Compression.Filesystem[io.compression.zipfile]::ExtractToDirectory($zipPath, $destPath), New-Service -Name AWSXRayDaemon -StartupType Automatic -BinaryPathName `$daemonPath` -f `$daemonLogPath`sc.exe start AWSXRayDaemon}}}},DemoSecurityGroup: {Type: AWS::EC2::SecurityGroup,Properties: {VpcId: {Ref: VpcId},GroupDescription: SG to allow SSH access via port 22,SecurityGroupIngress: [{IpProtocol: tcp,FromPort: 22,ToPort: 22,CidrIp: 0.0.0.0/0},{IpProtocol: tcp,FromPort: 80,ToPort: 80,CidrIp: 0.0.0.0/0},{IpProtocol: tcp,FromPort: 443,ToPort: 443,CidrIp: 0.0.0.0/0}],Tags: [{Key: Name,Value: EC2-SG}]}}},Outputs: {DemoInstanceId: {Description: Instance Id,Value: {Ref: DemoInstance}}}}. just add --// at the end of your user data script , example : User Data should execute fine without using #cloud-boothook (which is used to activate the User Data at the earliest possible time during the boot process). If you are not an admin user, you should explicitly provideec2:* permission for your user/role. So lets go ahead and see the step by step instruction to execute EC2 user data script using CloudFormation. use with Amazon Linux 2, and the commands and directives may not work for other Linux the instance is already stopped or its root device is an instance store packages are installed. You can store data on virtual drives or EBS volumes. How to Provide the Static IP to a Docker Container? It actually took me a few hours of research and testing, so once I figured it out, I created this question to help the next person looking for a definitive answer.

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