facts about the salem witch trials

His grandfather is a Putnam. While Salem has, in the English-speaking world at least, become the byword for witch-hunts, a very similar episode occurred in Lancashire in 1612, some 80 years before the panic in New England the case of the Pendle Hill witches. Found Guilty and Executed:Bridget Bishop (June 10, 1692)Sarah Good (July 19, 1692)Elizabeth Howe (July 19, 1692)Susannah Martin (July 19, 1692)Rebecca Nurse (July 19, 1692)Sarah Wildes (July 19, 1692)George Burroughs (August 19, 1692)Martha Carrier (August 19, 1692)John Willard (August 19, 1692)George Jacobs, Sr (August 19, 1692)John Proctor (August 19, 1692)Alice Parker (September 22, 1692)Mary Parker (September 22, 1692)Ann Pudeator (September 22, 1692)Wilmot Redd (September 22, 1692)Margaret Scott (September 22, 1692)Samuel Wardwell (September 22, 1692)Martha Corey (September 22, 1692)Mary Easty (September 22, 1692), Refused to enter a plea and tortured to death:Giles Corey (September 19th, 1692), Found Guilty and Pardoned:Elizabeth ProctorAbigail Faulkner SrMary PostSarah WardwellElizabeth Johnson JrDorcas Hoar, Pled Guilty and Pardoned:Rebecca EamesAbigail HobbsMary Lacy SrMary Osgood, Died in Prison:Sarah OsburnRoger ToothakerAnn FosterLydia Dustin, Escaped from Prison:John Alden Jr.Edward Bishop Jr.Sarah BishopMary BradburyWilliam Barker Sr.Andrew CarrierKatherine CaryPhillip EnglishMary EnglishEdward Farrington, Never Indicted:Sarah BassettMary BlackBethiah Carter, JrBethiah Carter, SrSarah CloyceElizabeth HartWilliam HobbsThomas Farrer, SrWilliam ProctorSarah ProctorSusannah RootsAnn SearsTituba, Evaded Arrest:George Jacobs JrDaniel Andrews. Court of Oyer and Terminer Judges:Jonathan CorwinBartholomew GedneyJohn HathorneJohn RichardsWilliam Stoughton, Chief MagistrateSamuel SewallNathaniel SaltonstallPeter SergeantWaitstill Winthrop, The number of people accused and arrested in May surged to over 30 people:Sarah DustinAnn SearsArthur AbbottBethiah Carter SrBethiah Carter JrMary WitheridgeGeorge Jacobs SrMargaret JacobsRebecca JacobsJohn WillardAlice ParkerAnn PudeatorAbigail SoamesSarah BuckelyElizabeth ColsonElizabeth HartThomas Farrar SrRoger ToothakerMary ToothakerMargaret ToothakerSarah ProctorMary DeRichSarah BassettSusannah RootsElizabeth CarySarah PeaseMartha CarrierElizabeth FosdickWilmot ReddElizabeth HoweSarah RiceJohn Alden JrWilliam ProctorJohn Flood. Since some families of the victims did not want their family member listed, not every victim was named. Thank you so much for this! George Burroughs, a minister, was one of the few men accused of witchcraft during the trials. In June of 1692, the special Court of Oyer (to hear) and Terminer (to decide) sat in Salem to hear the cases of witchcraft. Glanvill, Joseph. Bridget Bishop - The First to Die in Salem Witch Trials, 8 Famous Witches From Mythology and Folklore, Salem, Massachusetts, and the famous trial in 1692, witchcraft was not seen as a religion at all. A 1976 study, printed in the journal Science, attributed the girls hysterical and possibly hallucinogenic behaviour to the ingestion of rye bread made with grain infected with ergot of rye. As the trials and executions continued, colonists began to doubt that so many people could actually be guilty of this crime. Women were not the only ones believed to be witchesmen and children were accused too. Im using this for my History project. Shortly after, Elizabeth Hubbard, Susannah Sheldon, Mary Warren and Elizabeth Booth all started to experience the same symptoms, which consisted of suffering fits, hiding under furniture, contorting in pain and experiencing fever. Hi Maria, I dont have a version number for this site. The link can be found in the section of this article titled Salem Witch Trial Victims. harvnb error: no target: CITEREFRobinson2001 (. The mayhem all started in 1692, when two cousins aged nine and 11 began experiencing delusions, strange fits, and other mysterious maladies. Ultimately, eight women and two men were tried and found guilty of attending the gathering. If there is anyone has found anymore supporting theories please share. Nineteen were hanged, and oneelderly Giles Coreypressed to death. All rights reserved, National Geographic book Witches! Hi Julanii, I am the writer and publisher of this article. The Salem witch trials marked a seven-month period of mass hysteria in 1692 Colonial America. "Maleus Maleficarum Part I.". There were complex political, religious, and racial issues under the crisis. More significant were admissions of attending a witches meeting on Pendle Hill. Salem Witch Trials Top Facts | Go City When the first inquiry is made into the circumstances of such as may lie under the just suspicion of witchcrafts, we could wish that there may be admitted as little as is possible of such noise, company and openness as may too hastily expose them that are examined, and that there may no thing be used as a test for the trial of the suspected, the lawfulness whereof may be doubted among the people of God; but that the directions given by such judicious writers as Perkins and Bernard [be consulted in such a case]. This really helped me on my essay, thank you so much. Next: Spooky Places: 10 Destinations For Fans Of Witches. 12 Most Terrifying Facts About The Salem Witch Trials That You Never The Examination of Bridget Bishop, April 19, 1692. The other two accused women, Sarah Good and Sarah Osbourne, werent well liked by the community either. We judge that, in the prosecution of these and all such witchcrafts, there is need of a very critical and exquisite caution, lest by too much credulity for things received only upon the Devil's authority, there be a door opened for a long train of miserable consequences, and Satan get an advantage over us; for we should not be ignorant of his devices. The Absolutely True Tale of Disaster in Salem by Rosalyn Schnauzer. Salem Witch Trials: Who Were the Main Accusers? - HISTORY In 1813, the wooden structure of the jail was remodeled into a Victorian home and in 1956 the home was razed. The primary sources of the Salem Witch Trials offer a wealth of information on these infamous trials. Shortly after Sir William Phips appointment as Governor, he was forced to establish a court to deal with those who had been locked up in jail and were awaiting trial. Patti Wigington is a pagan author, educator, and licensed clergy. It was divided into two distinct and very different socioeconomic parts. She was released from jail shortly after the hangings began, and was never tried or convicted. There wasnt really any one document or agreement that ended the trials. Do you have a version number for this site? Its entirely possible that much of the blame placed upon Tituba during the trials was based on her racial and social class. One freezing day in January of 1692, something strange happened inside the Parris household of Salem Village, Massachusetts. The Encyclopedia of Witchcraft and Demonology. since we stared this topic in my 11th grade ap english class i have been very intregted. Bernard Rosenthal, "Medievalism and the Salem Witch Trials," in: Protests against early modern witch trials, Learn how and when to remove this template message, Cultural depictions of the Salem witch trials, Medical and psychological explanations of bewitchment, List of wrongful convictions in the United States, "Six Victims of 1692 Salem Witch Trials "Cleared" by Massachusetts", "Massachusetts Clears 5 From Salem Witch Trials", "Salem may pardon accused witches of 1692", "On 325th anniversary, city dedicates Proctor's Ledge memorial to Salem Witch Trials victims", "Memorable Providence, Relating to Witchcraft and Possessions", "Examination of Dorothy Good, As Told by Deodat Lawson", "Religiosity and the political economy of the Salem witch trials", Virginia.edu Salem witch trials (archives), "Massachusetts Archives: Superior Court of Judicature Witchcraft Trials (JanuaryMay 1693), Cases Heard". Salem witch trials - The trials | Britannica As sleet and snow heaped higher outside their door, Betty Parris and. Witchcraft had been made illegal during Henry VIIIs reign, with subsequent legislation passed under Elizabeth I further outlawing conjurations and enchantments. The preacher sad they could not kill the devil by shooting the dog but did anyway. Salem witch trial started as feud between Porters n putnums cuz putnums felt Porters gave too much freedom to their black servants. Why do you think there are so little primary sources on the Salem Witch Trials? More than 200 people were accused of practicing witchcraft and 20 were killed during the hysteria. A secondary source would be a book, journal or article written long after the event by someone who didnt experience it first hand. Although she wasnt released, most people were confident she would be found not guilty and released. Psychosomatic disorders have been suggested as the root of the hysteria, most notably the societal strains placed on them in a strict, deeply religious adult world that made no contingency for the developmental needs of children. Some (incredibly mean) people devoted their time to making a science out of witchcraft. Its pretty hard to show any sort of concrete, tangible evidence that someone is in league with the Devil or fiddling around with spirits. Im doing the Salem witch trials for my A-Level coursework, does anyone know the full names of any historians that have spoken about this topic? After my greaty great uncle Israel Porter formed political group to gather support against putnums, putnums responded by accusing supporters n friends of Porter Family of witchcraft (esp their daughters). They accused other townspeople of torturing them, and a few of the so-called witches on trial even named others as witches. Twenty-four people died during the Salem witch trials, though many more were accused of witchcraft. Boyer, P., & Nissenbaum, S. They took place in a number of cities in Massachusetts Bay Colony in the years 1692 and 1693, but primarily in the town of Salem. The Salem Witch Trials Victims: Who Were They? Then they even do a greater injustice by not only torturing folks in prison but hanging 19 of them and then putting rocks on a 71 year old man until he died because he would not state he was guilty or innocent (some old English law if accused refused to make a plea). I just found this out. Yes, it is loosely based on the Salem Witch Trials. In 1957, the state of Massachusetts officially apologized for the Salem Witch Trials and cleared the name ofsome of the remaining victims not listed in the 1711 law, stating: One Ann Pudeator and certain other persons yet did not list the other victims names. No one was burned at the stake in Salem, but nineteen people were hanged, and one was pressed to death under heavy stones. Nobecause certainly there are some Christians who dobut theres no historical evidence that anyone was really working any kind of magic in Salem. They were a means of crowd control that gave way to changes in power structures. Before we get into the interesting facts about Salem and the Witch Trials, let's do a brief history of the Salem Witch Trials. Dr Griggs was a relative through my grandmother. The other two accused and arrested at the same time were Sarah Osborne and Tituba, the Parriss black slave. Salem witch trials | History, Summary, Location, Causes, Victims This website uses cookies to improve your experience. The accused was thrown into a river and if they made it out alive, it was because they were a witch. Salem Village began that slow decay which eventually erased its houses and walls, but never its name and memory.. Copyright 1996-2015 National Geographic SocietyCopyright 2015-2023 National Geographic Partners, LLC. During that time, 19 people were hanged and one person was pressed to death. I am as innocent as the child unborn. Rebecca Beatrice Brooks is the author and publisher of the History of Massachusetts Blog. Arrest warrants were issued for George Jacobs Jr. and Daniel Andrews but they evaded arrest. Unlike some of the more notorious cases in Europe and England, such as that of the Pendle witch trial, there was no one among Salems accused who was known as a local witch or healer, with one exception. One of the best known of the accused has been the focus of some conjecture regarding whether or not she was practicing folk magic, because she was believed to be a "fortune teller." When asked who it was that had afflicted them, they named Good a homeless woman who had fallen destitute after denying the inheritance of her wealthy fathers estate as one of the three culprits. The day of prayer and fasting was held on January 15, 1698, and was known as the Day of Official Humiliation. Good had been among the first local women to be arrested, after several young girls from the village had experienced mysterious afflictions the previous February. Other victims include two dogs who were shot or killed after being suspected of witchcraft. Those who were found guilty were pardoned by Governor Phips. Despite its power as a cautionary tale, Salem remains an enigma that continues to fascinate and beguile more than three centuries later. Has their been any further studies into the ergot theory besides the collage student in the early 70s? Crown Publishers Inc., 1959. Salem witch trials, (June 1692-May 1693), in American history, a series of investigations and persecutions that caused 19 convicted "witches" to be hanged and many other suspects to be imprisoned in Salem Village in the Massachusetts Bay Colony (now Danvers, Massachusetts). Shortly after, two of the girls named the women they believed were bewitching them. When Nurse was first arrested, many members of the community signed a petition asking for her release. Warrants were issued by the dozen, sometimes for the arrest of the most unlikely suspects. Some say it's because temperatures dropped significantly, there was famine and people needed a scapegoat. In mid-September, Corey was tortured this way for three days in a field near Howard Street until he finally died on September 19. The first witch trial occurred because the daughter (Betty Parris) and niece (Abigail Williams) of the local Salem Reverend had become violently ill. Just pay for a month and go nuts adding records to a tree. A Break With Charity: A Story About the Salem Witch Trials by Ann Rinaldi. There is no documentation of where she may have gone after the trials. Many modern theories suggest the girls were suffering from epilepsy, boredom, child abuse, mental illness or even a disease brought on by eating rye infected with fungus. Bettys alarmed father, the Reverend Parris, immediately called on a doctor to examine the girls. In 1688, New England revolted and deposed the government of the Dominion of New England, and sent a representative back to London to report it, only to find that Parliament had deposed James II, and replaced him with William and Mary. Top 10 Dark Truths About the Salem Witch Trials - TheTopTens 5 Facts About the Real Salem Witch Hunt - History Salem Witch Trials Memorial at Proctor's Ledge Out of these, the cookies that are categorized as necessary are stored on your browser as they are essential for the working of basic functionalities of the website. The Salem Witch Trials: Real Facts That Will Haunt You Wicked Facts About the Salem Witch Trials - Factinate The Salem Witch Trials began in spring 1692 and lasted for seven months, during which more than 150 people where arrested, 19 were hanged and one was tortured to death. Now I know it is not only there that it existed. If you want to learn more about the Salem Witch Trials, check out this article on the best Salem Witch Trials books. Salem Witchcraft and Cotton Mather: A Reply. First, there are a number of ergot poisoning symptoms which were not reported by those who claimed to be afflicted by witchcraft. Not many people fled Salem, only a handful did, because Salem was their home and had been for a long time. For everyone who remains intrigued by Salem, here are a few lesser-known facts about the witchcraft trials. There are many theories that explain why the witch trials began in Medieval Europe. In CT, a push to exonerate people hanged in state's witch trials The parallels between the Salem Witch Trials and more modem examples ofwitch huntinglike the McCarthy hearings of the 1950s, are remarkable. The bibliography at the bottom of this article list a number of secondary sources. His diagnosis of bewitchment put into motion the forces that would ultimately result in the hanging deaths of 19 men and women. I thought witchcraft only existed in Africa. Within minutes theyre led, hoods drawn over their heads, towards a rudimentary set of gallows, and their imminent executions. In 2017, on the 325th anniversary of the Salem Witch Trials, the newly built Proctors Ledge Memorial was unveiled at the base of the ledge on Pope Street. On March 1st, Tituba, Sarah Good and Sarah Osburn were arrested and examined. Even Sarah Goods four-year-old daughter Dorothy was arrested and interrogated by the magistrates. what is a secondary source in this salem witch trail! During her trial, Bishop repeatedly defended herself, stating I am innocent, I know nothing of it, I have done no witchcraft . The pair had been bewitched. They should've told the US it was all fake once they came to their senses, but they didn't. When Salem Villages new pastor,Reverend Samuel Parris, came to town, he denounced the secular behavior of the innkeepers and blacksmiths and others. One theory which could explain the apparent madness of the trial and judicial hangings may be found in the bread the settlers were eating. thanks, mike turner, The 1692 Salem Village map can now be purchased on zazzle: http://www.zazzle.com/salem_village_map_poster-228789587972988887?rf=238784808055391622. im doing a huge assessment in my language arts class called national history day and i love how into detail this went! Sources:Upham, Charles W. Salem Witchcraft: With an Account of Salem Village and a History of Opinions on Witchcraft. Bad weather isn't the only reason why the witch hype began. On that day, Judge Samuel Sewall attended prayer services at Bostons South Church and asked Reverend Samuel Willard to read a public apology that Sewall had written, which states: Samuel Sewall, sensible of the reiterated strokes of God upon himself and family; and being sensible, that as to the guilt contracted upon the opening of the late Commission of Oyer and Terminer at Salem (to which the order of this day relates) he is, upon many accounts, more concerned than any that he knows of, desires to take the blame and shame of it, asking pardon of men, and especially desiring prayers that God, who has an unlimited authority, would pardon that sin and all other his sins; personal and relative: And according to his infinite benignity and sovereignty, not visit the sin of him, or of any other, upon himself or any of his, nor upon the land: But that he would powerfully defend him against all temptations to sin, for the future; and vouchsafe him the efficacious, saving conduct of his word and spirit.. A Reply. 126. The two communities were three hours apart, by foot, which was the most common method of transportation at the time. At the same time, the accused would be denied legal representation. There were many critics of the witch hunt, such as a local farmer John Proctor, who scoffed at the idea of witchcraft in Salem and called the young girls scam artists. A total of 19 accused witches were hanged at Proctors Ledge, near Gallows Hill, during the witch trials. You never know what you will find when you start researching your family tree! The Salem Witch Trials. A large brick building now stands on this spot with a memorial plaque dedicated to the old jail. The European witch trials took place in the 15th century. They basically played the trump card of the times. However, the subtlety of the ministers response was largely sidelined by the grand jury, who drew their energy from one particular concluding line from Mather: we cannot but humbly recommend unto the government, the speedy and vigorous prosecution of such as have rendered themselves obnoxious. In possession of such a mandate, the trials moved up a gear. Salem witch trials (1692-93), a series of investigations and persecutions that caused 19 convicted 'witches' to be hanged and many other suspects to be imprisoned in Salem Village in the Massachusetts Bay Colony. Among those detained in March 1692 were Martha Corey and Rebecca Nurse, upstanding members of the local churches in Salem Village and Salem Town respectively. Over 150 people were arrested for allegedly using witchcraft to inflict harm on their fellow townspeople, resulting in the executions of 20 people and the prison deaths of five more. I love this site! Heres what I got if someone needed to use this for their biblyography. All rights reserved. The 52 remaining people in jail were tried in a new court, the Superior Court of Judicature, the following winter. Thank you for making this blog post! The Salem Witch Trials - History Hoffer, Peter Charles. On October 29, 1692, Phips dissolved the Court of Oyer and Terminer, a decision that marked the beginning of the end for the Salem witch trials. During the trial, Tituba confessed to having seen the devil and also stated that there was a coven, or group, of witches in the Salem Village area. "Examination and Evidence of Some Accused Witches in Salem, 1692. Thank for the site it is so helpful for my project! If people were to run away from it, theyll only be hunted down and thats worst then sitting in court. As years passed, apologies were offered and restitution was made to the victims families. It also silenced any opposition to the idea that the Devil had infiltrated Salem. Unauthorized use is prohibited. The Salem Witch Trials and Ergot: Mushroom Madness? Ever since those dark days ended, the trials have become synonymous with mass hysteria and scapegoating. Knowing that if he was convicted his large estate would be confiscated and wouldnt be passed down to his children, Corey brought his trial to a halt by refusing to enter a plea. These unsettling facts will shed light. The new court released those awaiting trial and pardoned those awaiting execution. When visiting Salem, there are so many entertaining shows that were inspired by the real-life tragedies that took place in this spooky town. The slave Tituba, because of her background in the Caribbean (or possibly the West Indies), could have practiced some form of folk magic, but that has never been confirmed. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. 10 Unsettling Facts About The Witch Trials - TheTravel This site is not a part of the Smithsonian website. English law at the time dictated that anyone who refused to enter a plea could be tortured in an attempt to force a plea out of them. InJanuary of 1692, the daughter and niece of Reverend Samuel Parris of Salem Village became ill.William Griggs, the village doctor, was called in when they failed to improve. They were said to have helped witches and were referred to as their familiars. Twenty people were put to death in Salem for the crime of witchcraft. A Brief History of the Salem Witch Trials - Smithsonian Magazine One of the most popular theories as to what could have caused the mass hysteria of Salem in 1692 is that of ergot poisoning. . In January 1692 Salem Village was dealing with a lot. The Salem witch trials, which resulted in several deaths in 1692 in the small town of Salem, Massachusetts, have never been adequately explained. How did this conflict impact the trials? DHowlett1692, who blogs regularly about all things Salem, cites a 1977 article by Nicholas P. Spanos and Jack Gottlieb that disputes Caporaels ergotism study. Another notable person who was accused of witchcraft was Captain John Alden Jr., the son of the Mayflower crew member John Alden. and good job rebbeca! The less-than-thorough procedures of the Salem courtroom also prompted tighter, more rational legal processes that would later be enshrined in the US Constitution. It has so many details that I need. 1 Most of the accused were women but men were accusedand executedtoo. More than 200 people were a.. Read the article free on Booksie. In mid-September, a further group went to the gallows Eight Firebrands of Hell in the words of Rev Noyes. One person was pressed to death, and over 150 others were jailed, where still others died. There were the ordinary stresses of 17th-century life in the Massachusetts Bay Colony. In early July, Sarah Good and her four co-accused were tried and found guilty of bewitchment, making that journey to the gallows on that wooden cart a few days later. Historians and sociologists have examined this most complex episode in our history so that we may understand the issues of that era and view subsequent events with heightened awareness. Salem Witch Trials: Primary Sources - History Of Massachusetts Blog Massachusetts was like the early state of Israel. By pointing the finger at others, they were able to shift the blame and spare their own lives. 5 Facts About the Salem Trials. See, the concept of fake news is nothing new. An allegory of the intolerant McCarthyism discolouring the nation at the time Miller would himself be called before the Committee on Un-American Activities three years later the parallels were undeniable. Legal Legacy of the Salem Witch Trials. Everything we know now about the trials comes from just a handful of primary sources of the Salem Witch Trials. They were during the Colonial times. The English laws against witchcraft were repealed in 1736, after which incidents of suspected bewitchment, by now very isolated, were dealt with by mob rule rather than by a clear legal framework. People wanted to protect themselves, so they ratted out their own friends, neighbors or anyone they didn't like. The people had been so determined upon hunting out and destroying witches that they had neglected everything else. The Salem witch trials were a series of hearings and prosecutions of people accused of witchcraft in colonial Massachusetts between February 1692 and May 1693. William Ives and George W. Pease, 1857Session Laws. The 190th General Court of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, www.malegislature.gov/Laws/SessionLaws/Acts/2001/Chapter122The 1692 Salem Witch Trials. The Salem Witch Museum, www.salemwitchmuseum.com/education/salem-witch-trialsBlumberg, Jess. That same month, four more women were accused and arrested:Rebecca NurseMartha CoreyDorothy GoodRachel Clinton (from Ipswich). Kisses and xoxo 9, 17181718, Chap. The hysteria gripping Salem a settlement resonating with the incessant sound of accusation and counteraccusation showed that no-one was exempt from suspicion. I think it is easy to underestimate the importance of James IIs creation of the Dominion of New England. I have all the other bibliographies from some other websites but I still need one from this one and I cant find it could you help me?? http://www.easybib.com/cite/view. In February, Samuel Parris called for a doctor, who is believed to be Dr. William Griggs, to examine the girls. Finally, many of the symptoms described by witnesses stopped and began again based on external circumstances, and that simply doesnt happen with physiological illness. In January of 2016, the site where the Salem Witch Trials hangings took place was officially identified as Proctors Ledge, which is a small wooded area in between Proctor Street and Pope Street in Salem.

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