archetypal criticism in othello

And the 1980s saw a new, suggestive, and controversial direction in archetypal studies of literature: the feminist. The three women are Desdemona, Emilia, and Bianca. Unfortunately, this got the ball rolling for Othello's inevitable downfall. Considered according to this definition, the concept becomes a useful tool for literary analysis that explores the synthesis of the universal and the particular, seeks to define the parameters of social construction of gender, and attempts to construct theories of language, of the imaginal, and of meaning that take gender into account. Despite his deliberately selective focus on critical works written in English on literary texts that are, for the most part, also written in English, van Meurs, with the early assistance of John Kidd, has collected 902 entries, of which he identifies slightly over 80 as valid and valuable literary criticism. As the handkercheif is stolen from Desdemona, Othello believes that she has become unfaithful to him, which leads him down a jealous path and eventually kill her. Olympus-high, and duck again as low But the great literary text for Jungs life and work was Johann Wolfgang von Goethes Faust, not because of its literary qualities but because he sensed that the drama expressed his own personal myth (Letters 1:309-10). They were built to defen the city of Nicosia during the Otto-man Venetian war. 1924) to move beyond clinical inquiry within the consulting room of psychotherapy to formulate archetypal theory as a multidisciplinary field (Archetypal 1). Moreover, Shakespeare, by deliberately clouding the issue of Iagos motive, finds ever more sinister threats in such a characters apparently bottomless and unmerited hatred and capacity for evil. "An Archetype Criticism of Othello, a Play by William Shakespeare." Some of these include the downfall from high position Othello goes from being the general, to being convicted of being a murderer. Where a malignant and a turband Turk Eventually, this leads to Othellos suicide. As the play progresses, and Iagos plan culminates, Othellos good fortune begins to turn. A general in the army, Othello holds a distinguished place in the Duke's court due to his victories in battle, but not an equal one. Othello, likewise, has tradud the state and has changed from noble and valiant Othello to a beast, with the passion that ennobled him shown as corrosive and demeaning. archetypal criticism in othello. Key quotation (Aside) O, you are well tuned now!But I'll set down the pegs that make this music, As honest as I am. Up until Act III Scene iii Othello, "noble Moor" is in an elated position and is very aware of his importance. Alfiero, like Iago, similarly arouses the Moors suspicions by stealing Disdemonas handkerchief and planting it in Cassios bed-room. Altho a tragic ending it may be, Othello couldn't stand being a such a fool to have believed such lies about his one and only love. She is not as strong-willed like the other ladies and is Shakespeares example of the archetype of the innocence and has the bases of a flat character. And let the labouring barque climb hills of seas These patterns include persistent images, figures, and story patterns shared by people across diverse cultures. James Baird, Jungian Psychology in Criticism: Theoretical Problems, Literary Criticism and Psychology (ed. Egypt) and titles (e.g. One excellent example of such an approach, G. M. Matthews's 'Othello and the Dignity of Man', has been referred to at the end of the section devoted to historical and social criticism. Lon S. Roudiez, 1986); Estella Lauter and Carol Schreier Rupprecht, Feminist Archetypal Theory: Interdisciplinary Re-Visions of Jungian Thought (1985); Erich Neumann, Art and the Creative Unconscious: Four Essays (trans. Here are some ways our essay examples library can help you with your assignment: Read our Academic Honor Code for more information on how to use (and how not to use) our library. For the fair devil. Macbeth) in the essay title portion of your citation. A Christian Moor and general of the armies of Venice, Othello is an eloquent and physically powerful figure, respected by all those around him. The concept of the archetype is a venerable philosophical principle that came into new prominence and usage in the twentieth century with the development of archetypal literary criticism through the theories of psychologist C. G. Jung and literary theorist Northrop Frye. Abstract. Northrop Frye has been the most influential of those critics who have argued that archetypal patterns underlie the modes, plots and genres of literary works. This heuristic distinction was formed, however, solely on psychobiographical grounds: Did the text originate in, and remain principally shaped by, the authors experience of consciousness and the personal unconscious or his or her experience at the level of the archetypal collective unconscious? Feminist archetypal theory, proceeding inductively, restored Jungs original emphasis on the fluid, dynamic nature of the archetype, drawing on earlier feminist theory as well as the work of Jungian Erich Neumann to reject absolutist, ahistorical, essentialist, and transcendentalist misinterpretations. Othello demonstrates all of these characteristics in the play, proving him to be a tragic hero. Kibin, 2023. http://www.kibin.com/essay-examples/an-archetype-criticism-of-othello-a-play-by-william-shakespeare-yJF4zltX. An analysis of women being victims in Othello: Othello is a play written by William Shakespeare in the 1600s, this essay is from a feminist perspective. The key to extremely detrimental jealousy lies within one's ability to recognize it or deny it. O my souls joy, Farewell! Essays may be lightly modified for readability or to protect the anonymity of contributors, but we do not edit essay examples prior to publication. Cinthios version of Iago is conventionally driven by jealousy of a superior and lust for his wife. http://www.kibin.com/essay-examples/an-archetype-criticism-of-othello-a-play-by-william-shakespeare-yJF4zltX, ("An Archetype Criticism of Othello, a Play by William Shakespeare. Othello relies easily on Iago to believe without being thought deeply. Innocent characters also suffer, like Desdemona. . Check out our Privacy and Content Sharing policies for more information.). In his "The . Home Archetypal Criticism Archetypal Criticism, By NASRULLAH MAMBROL on October 22, 2020 ( 0 ). Instead, they blame him for his own ultimate ruin. Kibin, 2023. http://www.kibin.com/essay-examples/an-archetype-criticism-of-othello-a-play-by-william-shakespeare-yJF4zltX. Othello decides the only way to right his wrong is to take his own life. To learn more, read our. 1. ukraine russia border live camera /; June 24, 2022 "Who can control his fate?" In a mess of questions of good and evil, right and wrong, critical supporters of Iago (T.S. The concept of the archetype is a venerable philosophical principle that came into new prominence and usage in the twentieth century with the development of archetypal literary criticism . After Othello returns from war at sea with the Turks, his fortune begins a downward spiral. Toril Moi, trans. This type of criticism was first experimented by Maud Bodkin, in his book Archetypal Patterns in Poetry (1934). Indeed, the psychological resonances of the drama, along with its provocative racial and gender themes, have caused Othello, perhaps more than any other of Shakespeares plays, to reverberate the loudest with current audiences and commentators. Othello assumes that Emilia is helping Desdemona in her infidelity. Archetypal theory then took shape principally in the multidisciplinary journal refounded by Hillman in 1970 in Zurich, Spring: An Annual of Archetypal Psychology and Jungian Thought. So much I challenge that I may profess The tragedy of Othello is not a fault of a single person, but is rather the consequence of a wide range of feelings, judgments, misjudgments, and attempts for personal justification revealed by the characters. The character of Iago is so conducted, that he is from the first scene to the last hated and despised. Of one not easily jealous but, being wrought, Archetypal Criticism of Othello Othello, one of Shakespeare's most popular tragedies, is full of symbols, motifs, and themes that make it relatable to people all over the world. Thus, all contrastive categorization would benefit from archetypal analysis. In the beginning of the play, Othello is seen as content with his new bride: For know, Iago, But that I love the gentle Desdemona (1.2.24-25). Succeeds in unknown fate. Desdemona is oblivious to what is going on around her and stays loyal to her morals but Iagos rumours lure Othello to thinking otherwise. (2.1.191-93) Setting the scene. In addition, many powerfully heuristic Jungian concepts, such as synchronicity, have yet to be tested in literary contexts. If we carefully examine the third scene in the third act, we can see how Othello fits into Aristotle's definition of tragic hero. 1. Given this background, it is not surprising to find in a 1976 essay entitled Jungian Psychology in Criticism: Theoretical Problems the statement that no purely Jungian criticism of literature has yet appeared (Baird 22). Archetypal criticism, then, construed as that derived from Jungs theory and practice of archetypal (analytical) psychology, is a fledgling and much misconstrued field of inquiry with significant but still unrealized potential for the study of literature and of aesthetics in general. Othello Zootopia Act 1 The wall Othello is referring to are the Walls of Nicosia which surround the capital city Nicosia in Cyprus. O, farewell! (5. He seems to breathe an atmosphere as fateful as that of King Lear, but more confined and oppressive, the darkness not of night but of a close-shut murderous room. : In this quote, Othello is stating that his wife's supposed infidelity has ruined his name and turned it "black" and dirty like his own face, showing that a woman's fidelity was linked to a man's honor. Sign up Ironically, as in the feminist revisioning of explicitly male-biased Jungian theory, the rise in the 1980s of Reader-response theory and criticism and the impetus for canon revision have begun to contribute to a revaluation of Jung as a source of literary study. Witness that here Iago doth give up The Fables of Identity: Studies in Poetic Mythology is a critical work published in 1963. Frye, then, first misinterprets Jungian theory by insisting on a Lamarckian view of genetic transmission of archetypes, which Jung explicitly rejected, and later settles on a concept of archetype as a literary occurrence per se, an exclusively intertextual recurring phenomenon resembling a convention (99). While acknowledging the grave weaknesses of much Jungian writing on literature as unsubtle and rigid application of preconceived psychological notions and schemes resulting in particularly ill-judged or distorted readings, van Meurs still finds that sensitively, flexibly and cautiously used, Jungian psychological theory may stimulate illuminating literary interpretations (14-15). Did you find something inaccurate, misleading, abusive, or otherwise problematic in this essay example? he asks, which gives pause to a theory of pure nobility. The execution of his wit, hands, heart First Cassio lands to deliver the news of Othellos marriage and, like the best man, supplies glowing praise for the groom and his bride; next Desdemona, accompanied by Iago and his wife, Emilia, enters but must await news of the fate of Othellos ship. Reading example essays works the same way! reflects the archetypal villain" (Sen, ). Source: Groden, Michael, and Martin Kreiswirth. Because of that, it has generated a lot of literary criticism in the 400 years since it was written and first . Furthermore, they must also have a fatal flaw, that eventually leads to their downfall. Jung most frequently used myth (or mythologem) for the narrative expression, on the ethnological level (Collected 9, pt. Uncover new sources by reviewing other students' references and bibliographies, Inspire new perspectives and arguments (or counterarguments) to address in your own essay. An archetype is universal; it is generated by man's psyche regardless of time of place. Northrop Frye, however, further developed this theory in his book Anatomy of Criticism and later in his essay 'The Archetypes in Literature . . Jungs Psychology of the Unconscious (1916, B. M. Hinkles translation of the 1911-12 Wandlungen und Symbole der Libido) appeared in English one year after publication of the concluding volume with bibliography of the third edition of J. G. Frazers The Golden Bough: A Study in Magic and Religion (2 vols., 1890,3d ed., 12 vols., 1911-15). In his major work, The Anatomy of Criticism, he states: 'I mean by an archetype a symbol which connects one poem with another and thereby helps to unify and integrate our . QAFQAZ UNIVERSITY SPRING, 2013. The Shakespearean tragedy Othello contains a number of themes; their relative importance and priority is debated by literary critics. (2023). As mine own face. (V.2.320-322) Giving up is hardly Othello's style, but this is how a noble and true man should react when he has mistakenly killed his wife. Even French feminist Julia Kristeva has been brought to praise a Jungian contribution to feminist discourse on the maternal: recognition that the Catholic churchs change of signification in the assumption of the Virgin Mary to include her human body represented a major shift in attitude toward female corporaiity (113). It has been mentioned earlier that pattern in literature refers to recurrent images, forms and words. Even though Othello had a reputation as a hero, he ends up being one of the most gullible characters in the play when he completely falls into the evil trap that Iago set for him. archetypal criticism in othello america undercover life of crime Juni 12, 2022. used kawai upright piano . What hooks you? He had even gone as far as hitting her (4.1 134). The tragic protagonist must make a fall from a high state of being to a low state or death. This explains his fascination with a text like Rider Haggards novel She: The History of an Adventure (1886-87), with its unmediated representation of the anima. As Jung himself noted: Literary products of highly dubious merit are often of the greatest interest to the psychologist (Collected 15:87-88). Othello, being a hero, enjoys a good reputation and has notable qualities. Othello, unlike the other Shakespearean comedies, adds three more acts to the romantic drama, shifting from comic affirmation to tragic negation. Analysis. Following his anatomizing of the painfully introspective intellectual Hamlet, Shakespeare, at the height of his ability to probe human nature and to dramatize it in action and language, treats Hamlets temperamental oppositethe man of action. Mythological critics compare one work to others with similar story . The scene crowns love triumphant. And despite frequently perceptive readings, the work is marred by the characteristic limitless expansionism and psychological utilitarianism of her interpretive scheme. He suffers barbs and preconceived notions, yet Othello is esteemed and wins the love of the daughter of a nobleman. Carl Jungs Contribution to Psychoanalytic Theory. A archethpes symbol or myth leads to the establishment of a general truth. For the onlookers on stage, the final tableau of the dead Desdemona and Othello poisons sight and provokes the command to Let it be hid. The witnesses on stage cannot compute rationally what has occurred nor why, but the audience has been given a privileged view of the battle between good and evil worked out in the private recesses of a bedroom and a human soul. Another important influence was Carl Gustav Jung (1875-1961) who used the term archetype to what he called "primordial images". Peopleshow more content An outburst that othello has in a crowd of his peers causes people to start to question their noble leader. In The Tragedy of Othello, Shakespeare details the story of a celebrated military hero who falls victim to the machinations of a conniving villain who goes by the name of Iago. That such a man should unravel so completely, ushered by jealousy and hatred into a bestial worldview that cancels any claims of human virtue and self-less devotion, shocks and horrifies. According to Hillman, that discourse was anticipated by Evangelos Christous Logos of the Soul (1963) and extended in religion (David L. Millers New Polytheism, 1974), philosophy (Edward Caseys Imagining: A Phenomenological Study, 1976), mythology (Rafael Lopez-Pedrazas Hermes and His Children, 1977), psycholinguistics (Paul Kuglers Alchemy of Discourse: An Archetypal Approach to Language, 1982), and the theory of analysis (Patricia Berrys Echos Subtle Body, 1982). As Othello came to his breaking point, desdemona foreshadows her own death and he lets jealousy take over. The approaches of semiologists, structuralists and deconstructivists . Having triumphantly bested the social and natural forces aligned against them, having staked all to the devotion of the other, Desdemona and Othello will not be left to live happily ever after, and the tragedy will grow out of the conditions that made the comedy. This allows our team to focus on improving the library and adding new essays. Unlike the other Shakespeare tragedies, which follow the common ideas for Shakespearean tragedy, Othello includes some of the ideas from classical tragedies. Othello is characterized by his plainspoken read analysis of Othello Iago Othello's disloyal standard-bearer and the villain of the play. But Jos van Meurss critically annotated 1988 bibliography, Jungian Literary Criticism, 1920-1980, effectively challenges this claim. The tragedy of Othello is not a fault of a single villain, but is rather a consequence of a wide range of feelings, judgments and misjudgments, and attempts for personal justification exhibited by all of the participants. Looking at William Shakespeare's Othello The Moor Of Venice, the central character, Othello is revered as the tragic hero. An archetypal critic would suggest that all human experience is linked through literature and that this experience is expressed again and again using the same patterns throughout time and space. For Jung, archetype is an explanatory paraphrase of the Platonic eidos (9, pt. Spring: A Journal of Archetype and Culture, Spring: An Annual of Archetypal Psychology and Jungian Thought, The Golden Bough: A Study in Magic and Religion, Analysis of Stuart Halls Encoding/Decoding, Jacques Derrida's Structure, Sign and Play. "He is, in a sense, a 'self made man', the . Archetypal Criticism Archetypal theory and criticism, although often used synonymously with Myth theory and crticism, has a distinct history and process. Thus criticism evolving from his work is more accurately named archetypal and is quite distinct from myth criticism. Indeed, myth criticism seems singularly unaffected by any of the archetypal theorists who have remained faithful to the origins and traditions of depth, especially analytical, psychologyJames Hillman, Henri Corbin, Gilbert Durand, Rafael Lopez-Pedraza, Evangelos Christou. must concern itself with the archetypal, the universal, with that which is necessarily larger, more extreme than in life. "Now will I question assio of ianca, As he shall smile, Othello shall go mad; . That such a man should fall so far and so fast gives the play an almost unbearable momentum. He notes that Singers Unholy Bible: A Psychological Interpretation of William Blake (1970), though oversimplified in its psychobiographical approach and its treatment of characters as psychological projections of the author, does make original use in a literary context of such Jungian techniques of dream interpretation as amplification and of such fantasy-evoking procedures as active imagination.. After confronting Desdemona of her crimes he decides to carry out his overall plan to end his trues loves life. Iago tries to prove Desdemona is having an affair with Cassio which increases Othello's torments of jealousy. To protect the anonymity of contributors, we've removed their names and personal information from the essays. When citing an essay from our library, you can use "Kibin" as the author. The tragic hero archetype is used in many different pieces of writing and with every character comes a different way of using it. Kibin. By the end of the play, he has brought down his world around him with the relentless force that made him a great general turned inward, destroying both what he loved best in another and in himself. Mythological literary critics look for archetypes, characters and/or symbols with traits that are seen throughout literature regardless of time or place. Home Drama Criticism Analysis of William Shakespeares Othello, By NASRULLAH MAMBROL on July 25, 2020 ( 0 ). The romantic climax comes in the trial scene of act 1, in which Othello success-fully defends himself before the Venetian senate against Brabantios charge that Othello has beguiled his daughter, stoln from me, and corrupted / By spells and medicines bought of mountebanks. Calmly and courteously Othello recounts how, despite the differences of age, race, and background, he won Desdemonas heart by recounting the stories of his exotic life and adventures: She loved me for the dangers I had passed, / And I loved her that she did pity them. Wonder at Othellos heroic adventures and compassion for her sympathy have brought the two opposites togetherthe young, inexperienced Venetian woman and the brave, experienced outsider. At the center of the plays intrigue is Shakespeares most sinister and formidable conceptions of evil in Iago, whose motives and the wellspring of his villainy continue to haunt audiences and critics alike. R. F. C. Hull, 2 vois., 1973-75). Othello is now reduced to questioning his wife's maid, Emilia, looking for evidence of Desdemona's infidelity. Thus, with the archetypal theorists multiplying across disciplines on the one hand and the clinically practicing followers serving as (generally inadequate) critics on the other, archetypal literary theory and criticism flourished in two independent streams in the 1960s and 1970s. To furnish me with some swift means of death These patterns and themes, often referred to as archetypes, are believed to be present in the collective unconscious of all human beings . Archetypal criticism is a product of both cultural anthropology and psychoanalysis which are academic fields that might seem to be far from the concept of archetypal criticism. The term 'archetype' is taken from the Greek words 'arche' (beginning) and 'typos' (imprint). Aristotles theory is not the final word on tragedy, however it can support in pinpointing the pivotal traits in. Perplexed in the extreme; of one whose hand, The play imitates life through basic human emotions such as jealousy and rage. In Othello, the themes such as love and jealousy reflects on the characters motivation and their values. Further, the text offered confirmation (and poetic representation) of the only direct contribution Jung made to literary theory: a distinction between psychological and visionary texts (Collected 15:89-90). Othello is decisive, confident, and secure in his identity, duty, and place in the world. In spite of his elevated status, he is nevertheless easy prey to insecurities because of his age, his life as a soldier, and his race. Evil is displayed before him, not indeed with the profusion found in King Lear, but forming, as it were, the soul of a single character, and united with an intellectual superiority so great that he watches its advance fascinated and appalled. Iago reviews Othellos performance as a lover by stating, O, you are well tuned now, / But Ill set down the pegs that make this music. Iago will now orchestrate discord and disharmony based on a life philosophy totally opposed to the ennobling and selfless concept of love demonstrated by the newlyweds. Archetypal criticism is a type of literary criticismexamining the presence of archetypal characters within a piece of literature. Come, go with me apart. Feminist Critique of the Character Desdemona in Othello Introduction Women during Elizabethan age are assumed to have spent their lives in the service of men - prearranged marriages, child rearing, and their role as sexual objects. Now art thou my lieutenant. Archetypal Criticism Archetypal criticism argues that archetypes determine the form and function of literary works, . Categories: Drama Criticism, ELIZABEHAN POETRY AND PROSE, Literary Criticism, Literature, Tags: Analysis Of William Shakespeares Othello, Bibliography Of William Shakespeares Othello, Character Study Of William Shakespeares Othello, Criticism Of William Shakespeares Othello, Drama Criticism, Essays Of William Shakespeares Othello, Notes Of William Shakespeares Othello, Othello, Othello Analysis, Othello Criticism, Othello Essay, Othello Feminism, Othello Notes, Othello Play, Othello PSychoanalysis, Othello Summary, Plot Of William Shakespeares Othello, Simple Analysis Of William Shakespeares Othello, Study Guides Of William Shakespeares Othello, Summary Of William Shakespeares Othello, Synopsis Of William Shakespeares Othello, Themes Of William Shakespeares Othello, William Shakespeare, William Shakespeares Othello, Analysis of William Shakespeares Macbeth, Analysis of William Shakespeares Romeo and Juliet, Analysis Of William Shakespeares Othello, Bibliography Of William Shakespeares Othello, Character Study Of William Shakespeares Othello, Criticism Of William Shakespeares Othello, Simple Analysis Of William Shakespeares Othello, Study Guides Of William Shakespeares Othello, Synopsis Of William Shakespeares Othello, Analysis of Stuart Halls Encoding/Decoding, Jacques Derrida's Structure, Sign and Play. BASIC PREMISES OF ARCHETYPAL THEORY: 1. I know not ift be true; But I, for mere suspicion in that kind, Will do as if for surety (2.1. Jung was also more preoccupied with dreams and fantasies, because he saw them as exclusively (purely) products of the unconscious, in contrast to literature, which he oddly believed, citing Joyces Ulysses as an example, was created in the full light of consciousness (15:123). Shakespeare shifts the action from Venice to Cyprus. Let him command, And to obey shall be in me remorse, Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1994. In her final moments, Desdemona chooses not to blame Othello for her death because she saw that the honor of their love was more important than honesty. ("Literary Criticism.") "Othello is like a hero of the ancient world in that he is not a man like us, but a man recognized as extraordinary". They also attest to his self-confessed lack of interest in literature: I feel not naturally drawn to what one calls literature, but I am strangely attracted by genuine fiction, i.e., fantastical invention (Letters 1:509). To The Reader Baudelaire Analysis; Used Dudek Universal For Sale; Is Ignatius J Reilly Autistic; Spring League Football Tryouts; marxist criticism in othello act 1 . An archetype is the original pattern or . This preview is partially blurred. Thus Jungian theory provided no clear avenue of access for those outside of psychology, and orthodox Jungians were left with little in the way of models for the psychological analysis of literature. Myth criticism grew in part as a reaction to the formalism of New Criticism, while archetypal criticism based on Jung was never linked with any academic tradition and remained organically bound to its roots in depth psychology: the individual and collective psyche, dreams, and the analytic process. While adding to the tone of the story it also adds to the characters overall personality from the reader's perspective. Nor set down aught in malice. Historical is basically know the background story before you making assumptions off the text, and to better understand text lookup time period close to the time like 1600's . In. And new theories increasingly give credence to the requirement, historically asserted by Jungian readers, that each text elicit a personal, affective, and not merely intellectual response. Marxist criticism would also have offered a distinctive way of looking at Othello. Frazers and Jungs texts formed the basis of two allied but ultimately different courses of influence on literary history. Vindicated by the duke of Venice and the senate, Othello, accompanied by Desdemona, takes up his military duties in the face of a threatened Turkish invasion, and the lovers are given a triumphal wedding-like procession and marriage ceremony when they disembark on Cyprus. It is in Act 3 Scene 3 where Othello takes on a new persona, where his confidence and happiness is tragically replaced with jealousy and rage. If Hamlet is a tragedy about youth, and Lear concerns old age, Othello is a family or domestic tragedy of a middle-aged man in which the fate of kingdoms and the cosmos that hangs in the balance in Hamlet and Lear contracts to the private world of a marriages destruction.

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