is thiamin halal

J Nutr Metab. Thiamine is absorbed in the small intestine. A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial on benfotiamine treatment in patients with diabetic nephropathy. The evolution and treatment of Korsakoff's syndrome: out of sight, out of mind? Arch Neurol 1991;48:81-3. Boldorini R, Vago L, Lechi A, Tedeschi F, Trabattoni GR. 5 and others (Doubtful), Chocolate Liquour or Cocoa Liqour (Halal), Cream of Tarter (Halal in USA and Canada, elsewhere Doubtful), DATEM (Di- Acetyl Tartrate Ester of Monoglycerides) (Doubtful), Disodium Guanosine 5 Monophosphate (Haram), Disodium Uridine 5 Monophosphate (Haram), Enzymes used in Cheeses or Dairy Products (Doubtful), Ethoxylated Mono- and Diglycerides (Doubtful), Flour, Bleached Flour, Refined Flour, Enriched Flour (Halal), Isopropyl Alcohol or Isoproponal Alcohol (Halal), Microbial Enzymes, Rennet Microbial Enzymes and Lypase Microbial Enzymes (Halal), Modified Food Starch or Modified Starch (Halal), Monoglycerides and Diglycerides (Doubtful), Mustard, Mustard Seed, Mustard Oil (Halal), Partially Hydrogenated Vegetable Shortening (Halal), Polyglycerol Esters of Fatty Acids (Doubtful), Polyoxythylene Sorbitan Monostearate (Doubtful), Potassium (Bicarbonate, Bromate, Sorbate) (Halal), Sovent Extracted Modified Lecithin (Haram), Vanilla Beans or Vanilla Beans Speck (Haram), Vitamin B12: As Cyanocobalamin (Doubtful), Vitamin B5: As Pantotherric Acid (Doubtful), Hi there this list is very helpful for me, as I work in an elementary school delivering our nutrition program . Does long-term furosemide therapy cause thiamine deficiency in patients with heart failure? Institute of Medicine. Thiamin. Amber J. Tresca is a freelance writer and speaker who covers digestive conditions, including IBD. Thiamine and cardiovascular disease: a literature review. In: Erdman JW, Macdonald IA, Zeisel SH, eds. Thiamin is found in fortified processed flours and ready-to-eat cereals, lean pork, beef, wheat germ and whole grains, yeast, organ meats (especially liver), eggs, fish, legumes, and nuts. Without carrageenan, some products would not meet organic standards or vegetarian, halal, or kosher diets http://www.foodingredientfacts.org. Thiamine (vitamin B1) is used to prevent or treat low levels of vitamin B1 in people who do not get enough of the vitamin from their diets. The proportion of people with type 1 or type 2 diabetes who have poor thiamin status based on erythrocyte transketolase activity ranges from 17% to 79% in studies conducted to date [40]. Although beriberi is rare in the United States and other developed countries, people in these countries do occasionally develop the condition [15-18]. 2016;38:2277-2285. doi:10.1016/j.clinthera.2016.08.009, Kira J. dan Mineral (Zat Besi, seng, Vitamin B1, Vitamin B2, Asam folat). Helps promote heart health+, supports normal brain function, and maintains healthy eyes in older adults. Since most ingredients are listed using their chemical name, its difficult to figure out if they are halal or not. Being older, having other health conditions, and not being able to get enough vitamins and minerals through the diet may contribute to this problem. It is used in some products to replace animal fats; in others, its used in place of gelatin, which is made from animal collagen. Pantotensyre (Vitamin B5) bidrager til normal mental ydeevne. Grains such as wheat, rice, rye, barley, oat, etc. However, bariatric surgery (weight-loss surgery that modifies the digestive system) rates increased dramatically from 2006 through 2021, and it is a risk factor for thiamine deficiency. Int J Mol Sci. It can also be taken as a supplement on its own, in capsule or liquid form. This is a fact sheet intended for health professionals. Fish. beberapa jenis pangan halal baik bahan maupun kemasan tugas pangan halal toyib telusur produk sertifikat halal disusun oleh: dorce sanda g2b221026 program studi. 2019;148:101-168. doi:10.1016/bs.irn.2019.09.002, Wang SC, Chen YC, Chen SJ, Lee CH, Cheng CM. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo) 2012;58:210-6. For example, thiamin deficiency produces oxidative stress in neurons, death of neurons, loss of memory, plaque formation, and changes in glucose metabolismall markers of Alzheimers disease. People with diabetes may be at risk of a thiamine deficiency. J Alzheimers Dis. 2020;43:964-973. doi:10.14348/molcells.2020.0198, Allowitz KV, Yoo JJ, Taylor JR, et al. DiNicolantonio JJ, Niazi AK, Lavie CJ, O'Keefe JH, Ventura HO. The study was small, and the authors have called for a larger trial, but they are encouraged that thiamine supplementation might be beneficial in Alzheimer's disease. Thiamine (vitamin B 1) is used as a dietary supplement when the amount of thiamine in the diet is not enough.People most at risk for thiamine deficiency are older adults, those who are dependent on alcohol, or who have HIV/AIDS, diabetes, malabsorption syndrome (problems absorbing food), or have had bariatric surgery (an operation that helps you lose weight by making changes to your digestive . People who live with certain conditions, includingalcohol use disorder, diabetes, certain gastrointestinal conditions or surgeries, or heart failure,may need to watch for thiamine deficiencies. Supplements containing B-complex vitamins (including thiamin) or thiamin only are also available. DRI is the general term for a set of reference values used for planning and assessing nutrient intakes of healthy people. It should be discarded after the expiration date on the packaging has passed. Thiamine deficiency in patients with congestive heart failure receiving long-term furosemide therapy: a pilot study. This article discusses the potential uses of thiamine. Halal Vitamins used in Food products: Vitamin A as Retinol (from eggs, milk & plant source): For the dairy industry it is made from by reacting Calcium Carbonate with water then esterified with Palmitic Acid (from plant fat only) and used to fortify Milk. Thiamine is given first by IV for several days and then with an oral supplement, along with several other B vitamins. Page GL, Laight D, Cummings MH. Ingested thiamin from food and dietary supplements is absorbed by the small intestine through active transport at nutritional doses and by passive diffusion at pharmacologic doses [1]. Urine tests, which measure how much thiamine is being excreted, might also be used. Verywell Health uses only high-quality sources, including peer-reviewed studies, to support the facts within our articles. 2020;21:6413. doi:10.3390/ijms21176413, Wilson RB. These randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials compared 5 mg/day by mouth for 2 weeks or daily intramuscular doses of 5 to 200 mg/day thiamin over 2 consecutive days in a total of 177 people with a history of chronic alcohol use. Alcohol Alcohol 2005;40:155-6. Sadia. Arch Neurol 1988;45:833-5. Thiamine will be given in the hospital through an IV for severe deficiencies. Hanninen SA, Darling PB, Sole MJ, Barr A, Keith ME. As it in your old islamcan app Several food sources of thiamin are listed in Table 2. For that reason, a deficiency may lead to a lack of certain enzymes. Thiamin supplements might reverse some of these effects. Vitamin B6, also calledPyridoxine hydrochloride, is one of 8 B vitamins. Clin Res Cardiol. Other newer studies found this was not the case after thiamine therapy. Maybe. [, Fulgoni VL, 3rd, Keast DR, Bailey RL, Dwyer J. Choi EJ, Jeon CH, Park DH, Kwon TH. Estimate of bariatric surgery numbers, 2011-2020. 2017;13:727741. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease. This makes thiamine levels important in diseases of the metabolic and gastrointestinal systems. Deficiency of thiamine can cause delirium ( source ). 2023 Dotdash Media, Inc. All rights reserved. The body uses thiamine to get the energy to grow cells and support body functions. It is listed as doubtful and I wanted to know if they are listed as vegan are they halal or not because I know some products can be made using alcohol. A more common manifestation of thiamin deficiency in the United States is Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome [2]. J Nutr 2011;141:1847-54. About 80% of the approximately 2530 mg of thiamin in the adult human body is in the form of thiamin diphosphate (TDP; also known as thiamin pyrophosphate), the main metabolically active form of thiamin. Diabetologia 2009;52:208-12. The authors did not assess the clinical significance of this finding, however. The authors of a 2013 Cochrane review of thiamin to treat or prevent Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome found only two studies that met their inclusion criteria, and one of these studies has not been published [37]. The authors of a 2001 Cochrane review assessed three double-blind, randomized trials (including two crossover trials) that compared the effects of 3 g/day oral thiamin to placebo on cognitive function in patients with Alzheimers type dementia [54]. 2020;78:1015-1029. doi:10.1093/nutrit/nuaa004, Le Berre AP, Fama R, Sassoon SA, et al. The effect of micronutrient supplementation on quality-of-life and left ventricular function in elderly patients with chronic heart failure. DiNicolantonio JJ, Lavie CJ, Niazi AK, O'Keefe JH, Hu T. Effects of thiamine on cardiac function in patients with systolic heart failure: systematic review and metaanalysis of randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials. Thiamin deficiency can cause loss of weight and appetite, confusion, memory loss, muscle weakness, and heart problems. Some small studies have found that the risk of deficiency is particularly high in elderly people who reside in an institution [26,27]. However, talking with a healthcare provider about dietary supplements is important for those who live with the condition. 2018;1430(1):3-43. doi:10.1111/nyas.13919, Nunes PT, Kipp BT, Reitz NL, Savage LM. Its deficiency is called beriberi . The result, known as the "TDP effect," reflects the extent of unsaturation of transketolase with TDP. Thank you for your time. The body excretes excess amounts of thiamin in the urine [2]. Alcohol use disorder could lead to a lack of thiamine and the development of Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome. The role of low plasma thiamin levels in cognitively impaired elderly patients presenting with acute behavioral disturbances. American Society for Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery. Other vitamins and supplements may also be used as a treatment because other deficiencies might also be present. 10th ed. A case of Wernicke's encephalopathy following fluorouracil-based chemotherapy. Therefore, this article makes it easier for you to find out if an ingredient is halal or . University of Rochester Medical Center. Thiamin, also known as B1, is a B-complex vitamin needed for proper nerve function and glucose metabolism. Supplement use should be individualized and vetted by a healthcare professional, such as a registered dietitian, pharmacist, or healthcare provider. Intake recommendations for thiamin and other nutrients are provided in the Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs) developed by the Food and Nutrition Board (FNB) at the Institute of Medicine of the National Academies (formerly National Academy of Sciences) [7]. Sharma S, Sheehy T, Kolonel LN. These people will also need more intensive therapy to improve their ability to learn and retain memories. Vitamin B1, also called thiamine or thiamin, is one of 8 B vitamins. Cureus. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service. Individuals taking these and other medications on a regular basis should discuss their thiamin status with their health care providers. Parrott J, Frank L, Rabena R, et al. Yang JD, Acharya K, Evans M, Marsh JD, Beland S. Beriberi disease: is it still present in the United States? The vitamin has a short half-life, so people require a continuous supply of it from the diet. [, Xanthakos SA. Case Rep Oncol 2010;3:362-7. Wernicke encephalopathy after bariatric surgery: a systematic review. Thiamine-dependent processes and treatment strategies in neurodegeneration. Read our. [, Gibson GE, Hirsch JA, Cirio RT, Jordan BD, Fonzetti P, Elder J. Abnormal thiamine-dependent processes in Alzheimer's Disease. Keith M, Quach S, Ahmed M, et al. It's a water-soluble vitamin, which means that it is easily flushed out of the body and . Most people in the United States consume the recommended amounts of thiamin. Larger, well-designed studies are needed to determine whether thiamin supplements are beneficial for Alzheimers disease. For infants from birth to 12 months, the FNB established an AI for thiamin that is equivalent to the mean intake of thiamin in healthy, breastfed infants. This section focuses on four diseases or disorders in which thiamin does or might play a role: Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome, diabetes, heart failure, and Alzheimers disease. Benfotiamine and cognitive decline in Alzheimers disease: results of a randomized placebo-controlled phase IIA clinical trial. Am J Med 1991;91:151-5. 2020;12:e8027. In: Coates PM, Betz JM, Blackman MR, et al., eds. A pilot study. Some other forms of thiamine or vitamin B1, or derivatives, include: The level of the active form of thiamine (thiamine diphosphate) in whole blood is tested to determine a deficiency. Checking thiamine levels might be part of an overall management plan. An analysis of data from the 2003-2006 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey showed that only 6% of the U.S. population has a usual intake below the EAR [9]. For a reader-friendly overview of Thiamin, see our consumer fact sheet on Thiamin. Seligmann H, Halkin H, Rauchfleisch S, Kaufmann N, Motro M, Vered Z, et al. It's made with high-quality ingredients and all the essential vitamins and minerals to keep your heart +, brain, and eyes healthy and protected. 2013;13:495-499. Therapeutic potential of vitamin B1 derivative benfotiamine from diabetes to COVID-19. Diab Vasc Dis Res 2006;3:120-1. More research is needed to determine whether thiamin supplements might benefit people with heart failure, even if they have normal thiamin status. Nutr Rev. Exp Ther Med. Theres no upper limit set on thiamine supplements. Washington, DC: National Academy Press; 1998. Present Knowledge in Nutrition. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD004033.pub3, Anwar A, Ahmed Azmi M, Siddiqui JA, et al. Vitamin A: If source are plant and synthetic, it is halal. Apple Cider Vinegar (Halal in USA and Canada, verify in other countries), Artificial Colors or FD&C Yellow No. These particular ingredients may or may not have animal derived ingredients or alcohol. Groups With a Higher Incidence of Thiamine Deficiency. Elizabeth Barnes, RDN, is a registered dietitian nutritionist who specializes in eating disorders, type 2 diabetes, and heart health. [, Jermendy G. Evaluating thiamine deficiency in patients with diabetes. Halal Nicotinic acid/Niacin Nicotinic Acid is a vitamin manufactured through chemical synthesis, available as White Crystalline powder. Always speak with a healthcare provider before taking a supplement to ensure that the supplement and dosage are appropriate for your individual needs. [, Gibson GE, Sheu KF, Blass JP, Baker A, Carlson KC, Harding B, et al. 2016;129:753.e7-753.e11. It is also known as vitamin B1. Food sources of thiamin include whole grains, meat, and fish [2]. The DV for thiamin is 1.2 mg for adults and children age 4 years and older [11]. Eur Heart J. [. The review authors stated that it was not possible to draw any conclusions from these three studies because they were small and the publications describing them did not provide enough detail to combine these data in a meta-analysis. Body stores are limited, and deficiencies can develop quickly. about your interest in, questions about, or use of dietary supplements and what may be best for your overall health. Fresh or dried fruits. EFNS guidelines for diagnosis, therapy and prevention of Wernicke encephalopathy. Thiamin plays a vital role in the growth and function of various cells. [. The bodys cells need thiamine in order to generate energy, develop, grow, and function. Bettendorff L. Thiamin. Thiamine Status of Healthy and Institutionalized Elderly Subjects: Analysis of Dietary Intake and Biochemical Indices. Humans store thiamin primarily in the liver, but in very small amounts [3]. -Hydroxypropyl guar hydroxypropyltrimonium chloride Blood thiamine levels in outpatients with diabetes mellitus. In its early stage, thiamin deficiency can cause weight loss and anorexia, confusion, short-term memory loss, and other mental signs and symptoms; muscle weakness; and cardiovascular symptoms (such as an enlarged heart) [7]. Therefore, this article makes it easier for you to find out if an ingredient is halal or haram. [, Aasheim ET. [, Saito N, Kimura M, Kuchiba A, Itokawa Y. Thiamin also plays a role in muscle contraction and conduction of nerve signals. Ann Nutr Metab 2012;61:219-23. However, some cases of this syndrome become so severe that people develop chronic (long-term) health problems, especially with memory. Osiezagha K, Ali S, Freeman C, Barker NC, Jabeen S, Maitra S, Olagbemiro Y, Richie W, Bailey RK. Complement Ther Med. Beriberi causes problems with the cardiovascular and central nervous systems, which broadly means it can affect the heart and the muscles. 2020;2020:9349063. doi:10.1155/2020/9349063. Vitamin C: Natural sources are from plant. Encyclopedia of Dietary Supplements. Other health problems, such as diabetes, may worsen the condition. The different rates of thiamin deficiency in patients with heart failure in these and other studies are probably due to differences in nutrition status, comorbidities, medications and dietary supplements used, and techniques used to measure thiamin status [48]. However, the FNB noted that in spite of the lack of reported adverse events, excessive intakes of thiamin could have adverse effects. How Do I Know If I Have a Thiamine Deficiency? It helps to convert what you eat and drink into energy or glucose. Halal and Haram Ingredient Database. Age-adjusted formula with 24 micronutrients. Preliminary findings of high-dose thiamine in dementia of Alzheimer's type. B-Complex vitamins, including Vitamin B1, work to support energy metabolism in the body. In highly industrialized countries, chronic alcohol use disorders appear to be the most common cause of thiamin deficiency [1]. Rates of deficiency were even higher when the investigators excluded those who used thiamin supplements. Vitamin B1 is essential for a healthy nervous system and overall well-being, providing the body nourishment for the occasional stress of daily living. Plants which are not intoxicant. They then compared those who received the thiamine and those who didn't. This is because people in developing areas may not get enough thiamine in their diet. doi:10.1016/j.soard.2016.12.018, Whitfield KC, Bourassa MW, Adamolekun B, et al. In the developed world, a lack of thiamine is more often caused by a disease or condition that is either causing an inability to consume foods with enough thiamine or one that interferes with thiamine absorption. Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes 2008;116:600-5. Because thiamin dissolves in water, a significant amount of the vitamin is lost when cooking water is thrown out [3]. FDA does not require food labels to list thiamin content unless thiamin has been added to the food. Thiamine taken by mouth (oral) is available without a prescription. Legumes and nuts like peanuts, cashew nuts, hazel nuts, walnuts, etc. Thiamine, also called vitamin B1, is a water-soluble vitamin found in virtually every cell in the body. Thiamin (thiamine), or vitamin B1, is a water-soluble vitamin found naturally in some foods, added to foods, and sold as a supplement. [, Alkhalaf A, Klooster A, van Oeveren W, Achenbach U, Kleefstra N, Slingerland RJ, et al. Halal is an Arabic word means lawful or permitted. Vanillin: Flavoring agent, extracted from vanilla. Severe encephalopathy, lactic acidosis, vegetative instability and neuropathy with 5-Fluorouracil treatment - pyrimidine degradation defect or beriberi? Here is a comprehensive list of halal and haram ingredients. It is a progressive condition. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) developed DVs to help consumers compare the nutrient contents of foods and dietary supplements within the context of a total diet. J Korean Med Sci 2009;24:747-50. 2nd ed. Thiamine injection is used to treat beriberi, a serious condition caused by prolonged lack of vitamin B1. Introduction and purpose: Thiamin (Vitamin B1) is a water-soluble vitamin. Nabokina SM, Said HM. [, Rabbani N, Alam SS, Riaz S, Larkin JR, Akhtar MW, Shafi T, et al. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2012;303:G389-95. Acta Biomed Ateneo Parmense 1992;63:43-9. -Lauric acid Guidelines from the American Society for Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery also recommend that thiamine levels be tested in people who have gastric surgery and are at risk for a thiamine deficiency. Thiamine is a vitamin that is important to essential functions in the body. citrus fruit, tomatoes, etc). Mol Cell Neurosci 2013;55:17-25. Most people get enough thiamine through their diet. Vitamins for Type 2 Diabetes: Whats Recommended? Looks like all are from Vegetables but still wanted to confirm: Vegetable Cellulose, Vegetable Stearic Acid, Contains 2% of: Natural Palm Leaf Glaze, Silica, Vegetable Magnesium Stearate, you can add peprika extract and pepper extract. [, Larsen TR, Dragu D, Williams M. Wernicke's Encephalopathy: An Unusual Consequence of the Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome-Case Report and Literature Review. Thomson AD, Guerrini I, Marshall EJ. She was diagnosed with ulcerative colitis at age 16. Thiamin: fact sheet for consumers. [, Stracke H, Gaus W, Achenbach U, Federlin K, Bretzel RG. [, Carpenter KJ. Incidence of adverse reactions to parenteral thiamine in the treatment of Wernickes encephalopathy, and recommendations. Pls also merits of islamic month. [, O'Rourke NP, Bunker VW, Thomas AJ, Finglas PM, Bailey AL, Clayton BE. In many patients, Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome has two phases. Reduced activities of thiamine-dependent enzymes in the brains and peripheral tissues of patients with Alzheimer's disease. Up to 80% of people with chronic alcoholism develop thiamin deficiency because ethanol reduces gastrointestinal absorption of thiamin, thiamin stores in the liver, and thiamin phosphorylation [3,19]. People with HIV infection have an increased risk of thiamin deficiency and its sequelae, including beriberi and Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome [1,28]. Some older small, randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trials showed that thiamine supplements improved one aspect of heart function in people with heart failure. For more information about building a healthy dietary pattern, refer to the Dietary Guidelines for Americans and the U.S. Department of Agriculture's MyPlate. It is especially found in people who have alcohol use disorder. Thiamine deficiencies are more common in areas of the world where there is less access to food sources of thiamine. Not enough is known about how thiamine supplements may help people with heart failure, and the authors of one meta-analysis are calling for more research. Yet it isn't clear that thiamine helps heart failure patients do any better in the long term. People with this condition have impaired sensory, motor, and reflex functions. In between halal and haram are doubtful ingredients. Thiaminase I can degrade thiamin (111), thiamin monophosphate (112), and thiamin pyrophosphate (113) to the pyrimidine (114) and the corresponding thiazole (115-117) moiety (Figure 13).The enzyme from Bacillus thiaminolyticus has been cloned and characterized. At this chronic state of the disorder, parenteral thiamin treatment does not lead to recovery in about one-quarter of patients [22]. You may do the same if you notice an error in our list or want to know why the particular ingredient is halal, haram or doubtful. Amber J. Tresca is a freelance writer and speaker who covers digestive conditions, including IBD. Limits foods and beverages higher in added sugars, saturated fat, and sodium. Some of the studies on diabetes and thiamine have been observational, which means that they are taking information from what people are doing and what their thiamine levels are but not using any kind of intervention. Characteristics of thiamin and its relevance to the management of heart failure. The authors of the European Federation of Neurological Societies guidelines for diagnosing, preventing, and treating Wernickes encephalopathy note that even high doses of oral thiamin supplements might not be effective in raising blood thiamin levels or curing Wernickes encephalopathy [38]. Fresh or naturally frozen vegetables. Estimated Average Requirement (EAR): Average daily level of intake estimated to meet the requirements of 50% of healthy individuals; usually used to assess the nutrient intakes of groups of people and to plan nutritionally adequate diets for them; can also be used to assess the nutrient intakes of individuals. Dietary supplements are not regulated the way drugs are in the United States, meaning the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) does not approve them for safety and effectiveness before products are marketed. Future Med Chem. The discovery of thiamin. Thiamin is naturally present in some foods, added to some food products, and available as a dietary supplement. Thiamine and cardiovascular disease: a literature review, The effect of micronutrient supplementation on quality-of-life and left ventricular function in elderly patients with chronic heart failure, Thiamine supplementation in symptomatic chronic heart failure: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over pilot study, High-dose thiamine supplementation in older patients with heart failure: a pilot randomized controlled crossover trial(THIAMINE-HF), Thiamin supplementation does not improve left ventricular ejection fraction in ambulatory heart failure patients: a randomized controlled trial, The effects of thiamine supplementation on patients with heart failure: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials, Effects of thiamine on cardiac function in patients with systolic heart failure: systematic review and metaanalysis of randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials, Benfotiamine and cognitive decline in Alzheimers disease: results of a randomized placebo-controlled phase IIA clinical trial, US national trends in bariatric surgery: A decade of study, Estimate of bariatric surgery numbers, 2011-2020, American Society for Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery integrated health nutritional guidelines for the surgical weight loss patient 2016 update: micronutrients, Thiamine deficiency disorders: diagnosis, prevalence, and a roadmap for global control programs, Aging with alcohol-related brain damage: Critical brain circuits associated with cognitive dysfunction, Alcohol addiction, gut microbiota, and alcoholism treatment: a review, Pathophysiology, prevention, and treatment of beriberi after gastric surgery, Cognitive impairment severity in relation to signs of subclinical Wernicke's encephalopathy in HIV and alcoholism comorbidity, Incidence of adverse reactions to parenteral thiamine in the treatment of Wernickes encephalopathy, and recommendations, Does long-term furosemide therapy cause thiamine deficiency in patients with heart failure?

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