impairment of a signals intelligence collection platformsteven fogarty father
interception. The USSR appears to have emphasized ELINT more than COMINT in their space-based SIGINT program. [29] The AIA history says the "Misawa LADYLOVE activity was initiated during the Cold War to intercept Soviet military communications transmitted via satellitealong with similar operations at Menwith Hill, UK; Bad Aibling, Germany; and Rosman, North Carolina. oTBYsik^zS8\;dd 2[\he\}w9Isl1 OwT q The MEWSS PIP and future enhancements will provide the capability to exploit new and sophisticated enemy electronic emissions and conduct Electronic Attack (EA) in support of existing and planned national, theater, Fleet, and MAGTF SIGINT/EW operations.[38]. NSAis responsible for providing foreign signals intelligence (SIGINT) to our nation's policy-makers and military forces. 4 0 obj The NSAconducts extensive training of its employees to ensure that the workforce is aware and understands the regulations governing NSAactivities. Early tactical stations were in use as early as World War I, but permanent strategic signals intelligence stations were established as world tensions grew before WWII. Sweden operates HSwMSOrion and plans to rebuild HSwMSCarlskrona as a SIGINT ship.[51]. Our SIGINT mission is specifically limited to gathering information about international terrorists and foreign powers, organizations, or persons. The name stands for Systeme Aeroporte de Recueil dInformations de Guerre Electronique (Airborne Electronic Warfare Information Gathering System) and also is the French word for Opossum, a shy and retiring animal. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like select all that apply. On the long-range Navy P-3 maritime surveillance aircraft is the AN/ALR-66B(V)3 ELINT/MASINT system targeted against radars. While some may call "Transformation of the United States Army" a "buzzword", the idea reflects some very major changes. [54], EADS (formerly DASA) also equips British submarines with the CXA(2) HF interception and DF suite. In an era of complex geopolitics of peer and near-peer adversaries racing to advance electronic warfare (EW), the U.S. Marine Corps, like the other services, is centering on improving its signals intelligence (SIGINT) and electronic warfare operations. [16], As of 2013, New Zealand has two ground-based signals intelligence stations at Tangimoana in the North Island's Manawatu-Wanganui region and the Waihopai Valley in the South Island's Marlborough region. [15] Between 1955 and 1974, New Zealand signal officers were also regularly posted to a secret interception station in Singapore which was jointly run by Britain and Australia. eEB!f(RXZ}S,7S+'=xec::R#X7-%4e:3Wa>s4:=eF^l SAId-DW:n{"k. [79], Germany has selected a platform for SIGINT, based on the Global 6000.[81]. The Naval Security Group Activity (NAVSECGRUACT) at Sugar Grove, West Virginia, has missions defined including "maintaining and operating an ECHELON site". 24: The National Security Agency Declassified", "History of the Air Intelligence Agency, 1 January 31 December 1994", "NAVSECGRU Instruction C5450.48A, Subj: Mission, Functions and Tasks of Naval Security Group Activity (NAVSECGRUACT) Sugar Grove, West Virginia", "Key Issues Relevant to Army Intelligence Transformation", "Prophet: Tactical SIGINT for the 21st Century ground signal intelligence system", "Signal Intelligence System Uncovers Enemy Sites", "U.S. Marine Corps Forces, Special Operations Command(MARSOC)", "FM 3-05.102 Army Special Forces Intelligence", "The AN/PRD-13 (V1) Man Portable Signal Intelligence System", "Marine Corps Warfighting Publication (MCWP) MCWP 340.5 Electronic Warfare", "Flyvefisken-klassen PG/MHC/MLC (Standard Flex 300)", "Transportable Radio Direction Finding (TRDF) System (AN/SSQ-120)", "Up Periscope, Up Antenna: Hunter-Killer Submarines increasingly are Hunter-Gatherers of Intelligence", "A Rational Choice Revisited Submarine Capability in a Transformational Era", "Growing Asymmetries in the China-Japan Naval Balance", "The U.S. Intelligence Community 8: Signals Intelligence", "Statement to Senate Armed Services Committee Seapower Subcommittee on submarine Warfare Systems for the 21st century", "Defence confirms acquisition of two ISR and EW Gulfstreams", "L-3 G550 contract suggests new Australian surveillance deal", "P-8A Poseidon - Royal Australian Air Force", "R-99 utiliza sensor modernizado em operao no norte do Pas", "Brazil to boost security with unmanned Hermes 900", "FAB desativou o 1/6 GAV "Esquadro Carcar", "Lessons From Bosnia: The IFOR Experience, IV. Several 707 derivatives, originally used as KE-3 tankers, are being converted to two models of SIGINT suites by E Systems. In a Ministre de la Dfense 12/18/2004 statement, France announced[98] that Helios 2A is part of an exchange program planned with the SAR-Lupe and Italian COSMO-SKYMED systems, under development respectively in Germany and Italy. [27] These facilities often have both a SIGINT receiving and a higher-level management and control function. The AN/TSQ-130(V)2/(V)5 technical control and analysis center (TCAC) is a tactical, transportable, SIGINT-processing, analysis and reporting system installed in a large, selfcontained, modified S-280G shelter. Older French export submarines came with the Thales/Thompson-CSF X-band radar warning system, which is a manual analog system. The Extract update increased the platform's level of automation, adding a central database and data fusion capability, while Tigershark was especially tailor-made for COMINT ops in Asia. Operated by the French Air Force on behalf of the armed forces and security services, it was seen in the Baltic, Mediterranean and French Africa, as well as being used in support of coalition operations during the Gulf War and NATO peace keeping operations in Kosovo. Full-Time. The balance between building European capability without duplicating NATO remained an issueGerman SIGINT units that were part of the French-led Multinational Division (MND) in Bosnia provided intelligence to the division-level French headquarters. impairment of a signals intelligence collection platform or an unexplained compromise of U.S. intelligence operations are examles of: an anomaly. SIGINT is intelligence derived from electronic signals and systems used by foreign targets, such as communications systems, radars, and weapons . The Seawolf and Los Angeles classes were directed at the Soviet threat, so the newer Virginia class has additional capabilities for the littoral environment. In 1980 the Soviets built a group of more sophisticated purpose built vessels, such as the Balzam and Vishnya-class intelligence ships, which are operated by the Russian Navy today. This article is a subset article under the main article Signals intelligence, which addresses the unifying conceptual and technical factors and common technologies in this intelligence discipline.This article deals with current signals intelligence collection equipment by nation, including fixed and mobile ground stations, ships, submarines, aircraft and satellites. Balkan operations and both dependence on US assets, and exclusion from certain information, further pushed the desire, although the topmost levels of government had not yet been convinced. The facility has been built in the early 1990s[1] and originally manned by AUS defence personnel, later augmented by UK personnel previously assigned to Hong Kong. The French Air Force will begin retiring its fleet of C-160 transports in 2005. MAGNUM geosynchronous SIGINT satellites were first launched from the Space Shuttle in 1985. As with RREP SS-1, the SS-2 operates at the modular level and at the integrated system level. Before and after the breakup of the USSR, the Russian Navy operated a large number of AGI (Auxiliary General Intelligence) intelligence collection "trawlers". endobj A Saturn 35 satellite antenna has been, according to Spanish sources, added. Russia and China, at various times, have operated or are operating intercept stations in Cuba. [92] France is a MUSIS partner, which should be considered in assessing the potential of information sharing among the partners. This information is frequently in foreign languages and dialects, is protected by codes and other security measures, and involves complex technical characteristics. According to a Thales executive, Giorgio Piemontese, a followon needs to be planned soon to avoid a gap. 1 0 obj Helios 2 is a FrenchBelgianSpanish partnership. The AN/SLR-25 is a passive cryptologic exploitation system principally for tactical use, but that can make contributions to higher levels of intelligence. Complicating matters is that the European Space Agency (ESA) is new in non-civilian applications. It retains many of the C3I and ELINT capabilities of the R-99B. Spain plans a dual-use optical and radar system. Nurrungar derives from an aboriginal term meaning "listen". Additional nations have launched IMINT satellites; SIGINT seems to be a lesser priority, with radar MASINT often a higher priority. Some systems are used at land stations of all services. It contains, The AN/PRD-12 is a tactical, man-transportable system that provides search, intercept, and DF on It provides line-of-bearing (LOB) data and intercept on unencrypted, single-channel push-to-talk transmissions. It is to be replaced by the AN/MYQ-8 TCAC-PIP will replace the TCAC. Signals intelligence, often abbreviated SIGINT is an intelligence collection discipline based on interception of signals, usually electromagnetic, between people (i.e., COMINT or communications intelligence) or between machines (i.e., ELINT or electronic intelligence), or mixtures of the two. It is believed that the aircraft operated with a 24-man crew and as well as COMINT and SIGINT duties, it could even intercept mobile phone calls. Helios 2B is scheduled for launch in 2008. [citation needed]. [96], Sources in the French procurement agency, DGA, confirmed Essaim, a system of ground station and satellite constellation, is working well.[97]. Prophet Block II adds electronic attack (EA) capability to Prophet, while Block III upgrades the Prophet receiver to collect against advanced and special signals. Army MOS 35N), Signals Collector/ Analyst (U.S. Army MOS 35S) or equivalent U.S. Navy, Marine Corps, or Air Force specialties in support of authorized intelligence activities as defined by AR 381-10 . Its official mission was space-based surveillance, in particular early warning for ICBM launches and nuclear detonations using US Defense Support Program satellites in geostationary orbits. finding, analysis, reporting, and collection management support. Italy is developing the Cosmo-Skymed X-band polarimetric SAR, to fly on two of the satellites. The Navy EA-6B Prowler replaced the USAF EF-111 Raven EW aircraft for all services, and the EA-6B Prowler is being replaced by the EA-18G Growler. A new generation of ELINT satellites, possibly combining the land and sea missions, may be in development. Sweden uses the ArgoSystems/Condor AR-700 series SIGINT. MASINT will include ground surveillance radars (PPSSD) and the ImprovedRemotely Monitored Battlefield Sensor System (I-REMBASS) aboard a shelter-mounted HMMWV. Several submarines have a COMINT system made by US Southwest Research, under the US code name CLUSTER SENTINEL. SIGINT works in various ways, and can provide significant . Couldn't NSA simply ask its allies to provide them with information about U.S. persons? The Transalls provided NATO SIGINT in Bosnia.[79]. EADS Astrium and Thales Alenia Space are competing, under the direction of the French defense procurement agency, DGA. endobj The Department of Defence Receiving Station Shoal Bay is located approximately 12 Mi north east of Darwin, Northern Territory. It has not been announced if Spain, as a Helios 2 partner, will have access to French Essaim ELINT. The first generation was Cerise, launched in 1995 and damaged in 1996 by a collision with the French SPOT-1 earth resource observing satellite. This site, which includes at least 11 collection antennas, seven of them directed at Atlantic satellites, is clearly as extensive and capable as sites in the UKUSA network. Originally manufactured by the companies MBB, Nord Aviation and VFW formed the Transall group in 1959 for the development and production of the C-160 for the air forces of France, Germany, South Africa and Turkey. Many stations, for the countries with stations in many parts of the world, do have both aspects. Decommissioned in May 1999, the next generation was a former supply ship used since 1988 by the Nuclear Experiments Department for the Pacific Tests Centre (CEP), named Bougainville. [65] The vessel entered service in 2006, to replace Bougainville. 0X9z**&5j6++* yy/Z These devices could be the communications systems, radars, and weapons systems used by any particular target. As a very basic part of those changes, not only are considerably more intelligence assets being assigned to the BCTs, but to larger army formations. Since 1946, the United States had earnestly sought reconnaissance capability from space to protect and enhance the nation's security. [5] Reports by journalists, cited in the European Parliament report, confirm the Domme installation, and also a facility at Alluetts-le-Roi near Paris. The EH-60L has better communications and ungradability than the A model, with the AN/MSR-3 TACJAM-A system. No. The ever-increasing volume, velocity and variety of current signals make the production of relevant and timely intelligence for military commanders and national policy-makers more challenging and exciting than ever. There it will serve the French defense ministry, as well as cooperating European countries. ", According to Duncan Campbell, "In 1999, the Sabana Seca field station appeared to have at least four radomes for satellite communications, one located beside an existing high frequency interception system targeted on Cuban radio communications. The digital replacement, in French service, is the ARUR-13. [22] According to Hager, the GCSB's ground-based signal stations have in the past intercepted a wide range of foreign electronic communications including Japanese diplomatic cables, French military activities and nuclear weapons testing in the South Pacific, Pacific states' military maneuvers and trade agreements with the Soviet Union, and Russian/Soviet ships in the region and research bases in Antarctica. [66], Indian Navy Tupolev Tu-142 and Ilyushin Il-38SD patrol aircraft are known to be equipped with Eagle and Homi SIGINT systems developed as part of "Programme Sangraha"[42] of DRDO. Stations remain at the Ras Karma Military Airbase, near QaDub on Socotra Island in Yemen, across the Red Sea to Somalia, and at the mouth of the Gulf of Aden in the Indian Ocean. In military telecommunications, electronic support (ES) or electronic support measures (ESM) gather intelligence through passive "listening" to electromagnetic radiations of military interest.They are an aspect of electronic warfare involving actions taken under direct control of an operational commander to detect, intercept, identify, locate, record, and/or analyze sources of radiated . Completing the current ES concept is the AN/ULR-21 CLASSIC TROLL system that increases the probability of SIGINT intercept by 500%, supporting tactical and national requirements.[65]. As the Western observers noted, the Tselina D spacecraft, known in the West as the "heavy ELINT," would orbit the Earth in groups of six satellites spread 60 degrees apart in their orbits. [24] such as the Primor'ye class In May 1991, however, the WEU ministers agreed to create the European Union Satellite Centre in Torrejn de Ardoz, which became a permanent center in May 1995. [66], According to the US Department of Defense, the Tactical Airborne Surveillance System and upgrades will be installed on Saudi E-3 and E-6 aircraft. The SAEC is an armored vehicle carrying ELINT and the Thales XPLORER COMINT to complement EW platforms. Some Ilyushin Il-38SD were upgraded as part of "Programme Samudrika". Clementine, the second generation, was launched in 1999. EORSAT is passive, not to be confused with the nuclear-powered radar ocean surveillance satellites (RORSAT), no longer operational. The system is designed to have an automated tasking and reporting data link to other MAGTF assets such as the AN/TSQ-130 Technical Control and Analysis Center (TCAC) PIP. [50] The vessel concerned is the 1,900-ton renamed Alerta, In East German service, she had extensive antennas and a large radome. [54], All US submarines, as new construction on the Virginia-class submarines and retrofitted to the Improved Los Angeles-class submarines and possibly Seawolfs, will receive an upgraded Electronic Support (ES) suite, designed as a minimally manned, passive receiving system capable of detection, acquisition, identification, and localization of a variety of signals of interest. HIDRAH provides RRTs with a threat I&W capability during radio reconnaissance foot-mobile patrols and signal homing support for tactical recovery of aircraft and personnel operations. [90][unreliable source?] The VPK scheduled the beginning of flight tests for the 2nd quarter of 1981. Spain appears to be developing a coordinated SIGINT approach using submarine, ship, and aircraft platforms. ox\mc4t' DR6d_bM: Thales assigned overall systems and COMINT to its Thales Communication division, while Thales Defence Mission Systems division does the ELINT. [54], Australia's Collins class has a SIGINT mission, emphasized when the vessels' combat system was replaced with an open-architecture surveillance system. Spain operates a single 707 variant, modified by Israel and equipped with Israeli and Spanish electronics. <> The primary platform for tactical signals intelligence in the Indian Army is based on the Samyukta Electronic Warfare System[9][10] developed by the Defence Electronics Research Laboratory of DRDO. [citation needed], Spain is a financial partner in the French Helios 2 IMINT satellite system. That TENCAP and TIARA complement one another, and benefit tactical and strategic units. In 1998, a British-French meeting in St. Malo, France, produced a declaration that the EU needed "a capacity for analysis of situations, sources of intelligence, and a capability for relevant strategic planning (emphasis added). AN/TSQ-190(V) TROJAN SPIRIT II (TS II) is a mobile SHF satellite communications (SATCOM) system that uses commercial or military satellites to receive, transmit, and process secure, voice, data, video teleconferencing (VTC), and facsimile communications. It is reported to have SIGINT suites from Thales. [19] Its existence was first revealed by the peace activist Owen Wilkes and subsequently confirmed by the National Party Prime Minister Robert Muldoon in June 1984. 0s2#`<3:}pnBW,A)"ZBcD L&PXI"\i 3Y"3-gSp-we"P8-o4}_ 1 .ZsFW6S4~La-]"?a(]L\L`uC$Z\s0 Q`'/Hgt]0?PT7B/baB.K!KXTNcwv ZXVmj? 3X%?G%_oU8h etG3 Three new sensors have been installed for aircraft position and attitude control: an inertial reference unit (IRU), an attitude and heading reference unit (AHRU), and a global positioning system (GPS). Kilo export diesel-electric submarines have the NATO Squid Head/MRM-25 ESM, which includes IFF. If the parabolic antennas are standing on an open site, it is possible to calculate on the basis of their position, their elevation and their compass (azimuth) angle which satellite is being received. [58] They were supplemented or replaced four locally modified Tu-154Ms, comparable to the Russian 1980s vintage Il-20 ELINT aircraft. counterintelligence (CI) pre- and post-foreign travel briefs support you by providing: - _ defensive actions needed to defeat threats _ information on local and regional threat environments _ reportable activity guidelines _ travel area intelligence and security practices and procedures [13][14] On February 15, 1955, the New Zealand Combined Signals Organization (NZCSO) was established to collect signals intelligence and to operate the NR1 station. Are U.S. persons outside the United States afforded protection? Click on the Create Public Account link on the left side of the screen. Yes, the privacy rights of U.S. persons are protected regardless of their location. The US military has been developing signals electronic data transmissions with a low probability of intercept. A US-made variant, reported to have internal differences, is used by Saudi Arabia. Both companies are now part of EADS (European Aeronautics Defence and Space). The FASB's new goodwill impairment testing guidanceASU 2017-04, required for public SEC filers for periods beginning after December 15, 2019while intended as a simplification, could result in less precise goodwill impairments for reporting entities. Some other IAF 707s are possibly configured for AAR/SIGINT operations. x]oF=@O`\~`:{h@KE"r7(Jr]l|%~q.Uuu{+~O]?J!i.w#E8Ao s,^\>LO|@K^>6!GOH~xU_x00ztTnlg^`tg2seW3BvJlgcwR @p(#GqD"mifb],^QQHJ+mzm]. Cognetivity is a technology company that has created a cognitive testing platform for use in medical, commercial and consumer environments. The HIDRAH system has a unique design that may be employed independently in a handheld manner or by mounting it to an M16 or M4 rifles. Belgium is a financial partner in the French Helios 2 IMINT satellite system. With the capacity of the Zenit, additional capabilities were added, including telemetry through relay satellites. While pigeons can probably be safe, other collection techniques may enjoy a resurgence. As well as an Elta EL/L-8300 SIGINT system,[84] In the baseline version, this multi-operator Elta system contains 0.5 to 18GHz ELINT (0.03 to 40GHz as an option), 20 to 1,000MHz (2 to 1,500MHz as an option) COMINT, and control and analysis sub-systems. It should be stressed that the Torrejon center deals only with IMINT and possibly SAR and multispectral MASINT. The present invention includes a new generation Fast Circuit Switch (packet/circuit) Communication processors and platform which enables a new Internet Exchange Networking Processor Architecture at the edge and core of every communication . The Sturgeon-class submarine Parche received an addition 100-foot (30m) hull extension containing "research and development equipment" that brought her total length to 401 feet (122m). After the loss of Iranian monitoring stations, these satellites were also given a TELINT capability. [6] The contract was awarded in 2004 and initial operational capability is expected by 2007. The domestic SAAB Grintek Defence (Formally Avitronics) firm installs the Shrike ESM system, covering 218GHz, as does the Israeli Elbit TIMNEX 4 CH ELINT/targeting set, which provides radar warning, and 1.4 to 5 degree DF (depending on frequency). The F-35 is not the only fighter-sized intelligence "sponge" around. (V)1 -a commercial off-the-shelf version in a transit case configuration used to augment Military Intelligence dissemination and communications requirements primarily at corps and division, and some EAC, (V)2-SBCT (pallet, shelter, ECV, trailer) for Army Brigade Combat Teams. They identify and process the intercepted signals and perform analysis to establish target identification and . It will have wideband acquisition, direction-finding and analysis sensors, for real-time monitoring and recording for subsequent analysis. Federal law and executive order define a U.S. person as: an alien lawfully admitted for permanent residence; an unincorporated association with a substantial number of members who are citizens of the U.S. or are aliens lawfully admitted for permanent residence; or. Israel is reported to have converted at least four Boeing 707 aircraft, codenamed Re'em (Antelope) and based at Lod to an electronic warfare role, two for countermeasures and two or more for SIGINT. Russian aircraft with SIGINT capability include the Il-20 and Tu-214R. SIGINT involves collecting foreign intelligence from communications and information systems and providing it to customers across the U.S. government, such as senior civilian and military officials. There is a US made set used on the RC-135V and RC-135W Rivet Joint aircraft. [20] Meanwhile, the Waihopai Station was built by the Fourth Labour Government in April 1988 and began operations on September 8, 1989. France, still desiring to have three different space-based intelligence systems (IMINT, radar surveillance, SIGINT), had to face extremely high costs. <> European nations deal with a complex set of issues in developing space-based intelligence systems. In addition to Samyukta, other role-specific tactical platforms include: During the Second World War, New Zealand established seven radio interception stations to support the Anglo-American war effort against Japan. Routers provide access to the SIPRNET, JWICS, NSA networks, and the defense SATCOM system, as needed for coordinating MAGTF SIGINT and other intelligence operations. 541: Helios 2", "HELIOS IIA: A New Boost for European Defence", "Successful Launch Second German Sar-Lupe Observation Satellite", "ZEIT ONLINE | Lesen Sie zeit.de mit Werbung oder im PUR-Abo. This system operates in the HF, VHF and UHF spectra. For a number of years, France operated DC-8 aircraft "Sarigue" dedicated to ELINT. NSAneeds to collect and understand the information, interpret it, and get it to our customers in time for them to take action. Each of those battalions is 1/3 SIGINT; the Army expects to have more than 7,000 new MI soldiers by 2013. ", "Reporter's Notebook: Space intelligence technology's embattled frontier", "Marine Corps Warfighting Publication (MCWP) 215.2, Signals Intelligence", "National Security Archive Electronic Briefing Book No. Airbus (formerly DASA) also equips German submarines with the Telegon 12 HF interception and DF suite. This is making sigint collection by both Chinese and Russian spy satellites difficult. Both versions flew until 1984, when the Tselina D was set up in a constellation of 6 satellites. The Marine units report National SIGINT Operations Center at NSA headquarters at Ft. Meade, MD. France began its intelligence satellite program with Helios IMINT satellites, although they also planned on Horus (first called Osiris) radar MASINT and Zenon ELINT platforms. . [52], Standardized USN systems go beyond simple direction finding and into COMINT. [54], Older submarines use an Elettronica BLD-727 DF, but the newer Type 212s will use German SIGINT. Signals Intelligence (SIGINT) refers to the collection of electronic communications information such as phone conversations or . The receiver provides one full-duplex and two receive-only channels. [74] The aircraft have recently undergone modernizations, which have included the addition of new MX-15 Optical Electrical Sensors. The Chinese airship that floated over the US and Canada was likely a multipurpose intelligence platform, gathering a variety of information types. It is reasonable to expect continuing upgrades from the EADS consortium. In 1968, the next tactical improvement was the RU-21 LAFFIN EAGLE and the JU-21 LEFT JAB, the latter being the first with computerized direction finding and data storage. The JMCGS is controlled by the Australian Signals Directorate (ASD) and is being operated under the UKUSA agreement meaning that all data obtained is being shared with the NSA. Where the preceding satellites were in close to geosynchronous orbit, JUMPSEAT/TRUMPET satellites were in Moliyna orbits giving better polar coverage.[64]. Rio SIGINT capabilities meet rigorous mission requirements for small, manned and unmanned intelligence, surveillance and reconnaissance platforms with the ability to intercept, locate, monitor and record communication signals using a common set of software applications. Unmanned aircraft serve as a dual signals intelligence (SIGINT) and image intelligence (IMINT) platform, keeping personnel out of . The critical thinking and vitality required to accomplish our strategic goals depend on a diverse workforce, divergent points of view, and a fully-inclusive environment. In both these cases, SIGINT represents a very major portion of the growth in assets. The other two will have complementary French electro-optical payloads. From 1972 to 1989, low earth orbit SIGINT satellites were launched only as secondary payloads with KH-9 and KH-11 IMINT satellites. The participants are Belgium, France, Germany, Greece, Italy and Spain. The other antennas, a 15m radome and seven uncovered smaller dishes, are intended for the fully automated US naval Mobile User Objective System, a new 'next generation' narrowband networked satellite constellation for Ultra-High-Frequency satellite communications enabling secure all-weather and all-terrain 3 and 4G mobile telecommunications. Helios 1 was an Italian-Spanish. Egyptian submarines use ArgoSystems/Condor AR-700 series SIGINT for targeting their Harpoon missiles.[54]. Evelity works like a GPS. According to the peace researcher and journalist Nicky Hager, this station was used to support British and later American military operations in Southeast Asia. Spanish boats have the domestically produced Indra BLQ-355, which may have been exported. German-built Dolphin submarines in Israeli service have several missions, SIGINT being one of them. One of the rationales for doing so is that a combat unit can see an opportunity and move against it, without it being misidentified by a neighboring unit and being engaged with "friendly fire.".